Anatomy Lecture 6 Urinary Continence Flashcards Preview

Y3 Reproductive > Anatomy Lecture 6 Urinary Continence > Flashcards

Flashcards in Anatomy Lecture 6 Urinary Continence Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor

2
Q

Name the compartments of the pelvic floor, from superior to inferior

A

Pelvic diaphragm
Muscles of perineal pouches
Perineal membranes

3
Q

What does the pelvic diaphragm consist of?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus muscle groups

4
Q

What does the appearance of the pelvic diaphragm resemble?

A

A sling

5
Q

Where is the urogenital hiatus in relation to the pelvic diaphragm?

A

In the gap medial to its 2 anterior attachments

6
Q

What does the urogenital hiatus contain?

A

Urethra and vagina

7
Q

What forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

8
Q

Name the 3 parts of the levator ani

A

Puborectalis
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus

9
Q

When is the levator ani contracted?

A

Tonically contracted most of the time

10
Q

When is the levator ani relaxed?

A

Defecation and urination

11
Q

What is the nerve innervation to levator ani?

A
Pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)
Nerve to levator ani
12
Q

What ‘packs’ the spaces deep to the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Endo-pelvic fascia

13
Q

Name the 4 pelvic ligaments that provide support to pelvic organs

A

Uterosacral
Transverse cervical
Lateral ligament of bladder
Lateral rectal ligaments

14
Q

What lies below the fascia covering the inferior aspect of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Deep perineal pouch

15
Q

What structure lies above the perineal membrane?

A

Deep perineal pouch

16
Q

The deep perineal pouch contains the bulbourethral glands in males and Bartholin’s glands in females. T or F

A

False, doesn’t contain Bartholin’s glands in females

17
Q

Where is the deep perineal pouch in relation to levator ani?

A

Inferior

18
Q

What is the perineal membrane formed of?

A

Thin sheet of tough, deep fascia

19
Q

What are the lateral attachments of the perineal membrane?

A

Sides of the pubic arch

20
Q

What structure lies below the perineal membrane?

A

Superficial perineal pouch

21
Q

What are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males?

A
Root of the penis
Spongy urethra
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Branches of pudendal nerve
Blood vessels
22
Q

What part of the root of the penis contains the corpus spongiosum?

A

Bulb

23
Q

What part of the root of the penis contains the corpus cavernosum?

A

Crura

24
Q

What muscle covers the crura of the penis?

A

Ischiocavernosus

25
Q

What muscle covers the bulb of the penis?

A

Bulbospongiosus

26
Q

What muscles are contained in the superficial perineal pouch in males and females?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle
Bulbospongiosus
Ischiocavernosus

27
Q

The pelvic floor ______ when couching, sneezing or vomiting

A

actively contracts

28
Q

What do the external urethral sphincter, compressor urethrae and levator ani have in common?

A

All function of maintain urinary continence

29
Q

How does the pelvic floor maintain fecal continence?

A

Puborectalis tonically contracted and shaped like a sling wrapped around the rectum

30
Q

What do pregnancy, childbirth, chronic constipation, heavy lifting, obesity, chronic cough and menopause have in common?

A

Injury to pelvic floor

31
Q

How is uterine prolapse categorised?

A

1st, 2nd or 3rd degree

32
Q

Fixation of which ligament just medial to the ischial spine is a surgical option for managing prolapse?

A

Sacrospinous ligament

sacrospinous fixation

33
Q

What structures are at risk of injury in sacrospinous fixation?

A

Pudendal NVB

Sciatic nerve