The seminal vesicles lie ____ to the prostate
Superior / above
What is the other name of the vas deferens?
Ductus deferens
What is the function of the vas D?
Concentrates and store sperm between the epididymis and ejaculatory duct
What are the components of the spermatic cord?
Vas D
Pampiniform plexus of veins
Testicular artery
DOUBLE CHECK THIS
The bulbourethral gland lies _____ to the prostate
Inferior / below
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?
Secretes fluid to semen during arousal to neutralise acidity in vagina
What is the function of the seminal vesicles?
Secrete fructose rich fluid to semen - gives sperm energy to travel long distance
What part of the epididymis receives sperm?
Head
What is the tunica vaginalis?
A membrane covering the testis
What is the dartos muscle?
Smooth muscle of the scrotum
What smooth muscle is responsible for raising and lowering the testis?
Cremaster
Where is the cremaster muscle located?
Covers the testis and spermatic cord
What is the corpus spongiosum?
Erectile tissue of the penis surrounding the urethra
What is the corpus cavernosum?
Two masses of erectile tissue in the penis
What is used to measure testis size?
Orchidometer
What is the corpus albuginea?
Membrane covering both corpus cavernosum and testis
What is more superficial in the testis, the tunica albuginea or tunica vaginalis?
Tunica albuginea deep to tunica vaginalis
What is the function of the testis?
Spermatogenesis and androgen hormone production
Define androgens
Hormones responsible for male secondary sexual characteristics
What cells of the testis are responsible for androgen production?
Leydig cells
What is the main androgen?
Testosterone
Where do the testis develop?
Posterior abdominal wall
When do the testis descend?
Pre-birth
What is testis descent dependent on?
Testosterone
What part of the testis does spermatogenesis occur?
Seminiferous tubule
What environmental factor is spermatogenesis dependent on?
Low temperature - spermatogenesis cannot occur in abdo cavity
Testosterone is a catabolic steroid. T or F
False - anabolic steriod
“Body shape, deep voice, thick skin, libido, penile erection” are all examples of ______
Male secondary sexual characteristics
What is the name of a mature sperm cell?
Spermatozoon
What part of the sperm is the acrosome in?
Head
What is the route of sperm to the external urethral sphincter?
testis > epididymis > vas D > ejaculatory duct > urethra
What is meiosis 1 in males?
Diploid germinal cell >
Diploid primary spermatocyte >
Haploid secondary spermatocyte
What is meiosis 2 in males?
Haploid secondary spermatocyte > Haploid spermatid
late differentiate to spermatozoa
What is the function of sertoli cells?
Secrete inhibin and activin
also other functions
Where is GnRH secreted from?
Hypothalamus
How often is GnRH secreted in males?
Every 2-3 hours
What is the function of GnRH?
Stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH
How often are LH and FSH secreted in males?
Constant
Where in males is testosterone secreted from?
Testis and adrenal glands
What is the function of LH?
Acts on Leydig cells to stimulate T secretion
What is the function of FSH?
Acts on Sertoli cells to enhance spermatogenesis
How is LH regulated?
Testosterone has negative feedback on LH
What is the function of inhibin?
Decreases FSH
What is the function of activin?
Increases FSH
How is FSH regulated
By inhibin and negative feedback from testosterone
Are erections under sympathetic or parasympathetic control?
Parasympathetic
Is ejaculation under sympathetic or parasympathetic control?
Sympathetic
“Corpus cavernosa become engorged with blood” describes
Erections
What is capacitation?
Post ejection sperm have increased motility