Animal Behavior

Question 1

Behavior

Answer 1

actions in response to a stimulus

Question 2

Behavior Ecology

Answer 2

study of animal activity with regard to fitness (reproductivity –> surviving in order to passing on genes)

Question 3

Innate Behavior

Answer 3

inborn behavior (not develped/gained over time)

Question 4

What are some examples of innate Behavior

Answer 4

fixed action pattern, migration, behavioral rhythms, animal signals and communication

Question 5

Fixed action pattern

Answer 5

behaviors that begin and go through to completion when there is a stimuli (innate) so not learned

Question 6

sign stimulus

Answer 6

the stimulus (cue for a behavior to happen)

Question 7

Migration

Answer 7

move in usually large groups during a season from one location to another

Question 8

how do animals know to migrate

Answer 8

based of the location of the sun or the stars, temp, magnitude of the earth, length of the day

Question 9

behavorial rhythms

Answer 9

behaviors that are innate + done due to environmental cues

Question 10

behavioral rhythms are due to what

Answer 10

length of the day

Question 11

Animal signals and communication

Answer 11

1- signal: making stimulus for another organism to receive; this is not necessarily heard/interpreted/responded to
2- communication: when stimulus is made and other organism responds to it

Question 12

Learned behavior

Answer 12

gained through observation/practce + gained through lifetime

Question 13

examples of learned behavior

Answer 13

imprinting, spatial learning, cognitive maps, associataive learning, social learning, cognitive and problem solving

Question 14

Imprinting

Answer 14

there’s a period of time in which animals will learn a behavior and keep it for the rest of its life

Question 15

example of imprinting

Answer 15

duck sees mom and learns to follow that duck for the rest of its life

Question 16

spatial learning

Answer 16

behavior that Is learned based on where things/objects in your environment

Question 17

cognitive maps

Answer 17

Mental images animals recall where objects are

Question 18

example of use of cognitive maps

Answer 18

how to get home from objects

Question 19

Associate Learning

Answer 19

associating something in the environment with something else that you should do

Question 20

example of associative learning

Answer 20

when the owner rings the bell, the dog comes and eats

Question 21

Classical conditioning

Answer 21

making there be a connection between 2 environmental things that normally aren’t related

Question 22

types of associative learning

Answer 22

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

Question 23

operant conditioning aka

Answer 23

trial and error learning

Question 24

trial and error learning

Answer 24

where an animal learns to do something based on getting reads for doing something good and a consequence for doing something bad

Question 25

cognition

Answer 25

advanced form of learning because the organism is aware and is able to have judgement and remember something

Question 26

problem solving

Answer 26

being able to solve a problem with information (using a method/process)

Question 27

Social learning

Answer 27

learning by observationc

Question 28

culture

Answer 28

system for passing on info through social learning --> done through teaching between organisms

Question 29

foraging

Answer 29

looking for good

Question 30

optimal foraging model

Answer 30

there's a cost/benefit relationship between getting food (eating) and something bad such as wasting energy --> this model questions whether the cost is worth the risk

Question 31

different types of mating systens

Answer 31

promiscuous, monogamous, polygamous

Question 32

promiscuous

Answer 32

individuals of both sexes will typically mate with multiple individuals of the opposite sex

Question 33

monogamous

Answer 33

one partner

Question 34

how can you tell if an animal is monogamous

Answer 34

if you can't really distinguish between the males and females

Question 35

polygamous

Answer 35

one gender got ALLOTTTAAA hoes but not the other one

Question 36

how can you tell if an organism is polygamous

Answer 36

if one of them is bigger and the other is smaller (male vs. female)

Question 37

polygyny

Answer 37

only da male got a lotta hoes

Question 38

polyandry

Answer 38

only da female got a lotta hoess

Question 39

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 39

difference in shape and design between the genders of a particular species

Question 40

mating systems

Answer 40

describes how and why males and females pair up when they wanna mate

Question 41

Prenatal Care

Answer 41

care given to organisms (usually more focused on the padre) if the parent organism KNOWS FOO SHOUREE that the baby has their genes and they'd be taking care of their genes

Question 42

intrasexual

Answer 42

males fight or size up to get a female

Question 43

intersexual

Answer 43

male ask female if they wanna mate

Question 44

what is better to determine if its ur kid external or internal fertilization and why is this relevant

Answer 44

external --> know its your kid so dad would stay bc they know it's they're genes they're protecting and not someone elses

Question 45

Altruism

Answer 45

friendly behavior towards other animals (even sometimes, when it causes harm to self)

Question 46

purpose of altruism (why do animals bother doing it)

Answer 46

USUALLY to protect the young bc u alr passed down ur genes so now u js need to protect them

Question 47

types of genetic bases of behavrio

Answer 47

altruism and inclusive fitness

Question 48

inclusive fitness

Answer 48

organisms with similar genes [IN THE SAME SPECIES] will protect each other (put themselves at risk) bc they know that the other organisms can produce more fertile offspring than the singular organism themselves (protector)

Question 49

hamiltons rule

Answer 49

altruists will sacrifice themselves if the related offspring has similar enough genes to it

Question 50

reciprocal altruism

Answer 50

doing something and expecting something in return

Question 51

what does the R represent in the Hamilton's rule formula

Answer 51

relatedness

Question 52

relatedness

Answer 52

proportion of shared genes

Question 53

what does the B represent in the Hamilton's rule formula

Answer 53

benefit of the recipient --> like how many offspring (copies of genes) were produced

Question 54

what does the C represent in the Hamilton's rule formula

Answer 54

cost to the altruist

Question 55

play

Answer 55

organisms play fight and look like thye low-key hunting each other