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GIGU > Anterior Abdominal Wall/Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall/Inguinal Canal Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 reference planes for the abdomen?

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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2
Q

What are the transverse planes of the abdomen?

A

Transpyloric plane
Subcostal plane
Transtubercle plane
Interspinous plane

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3
Q

What are the 8 abdominal regions?

A 
R/L Hypochondrium
Epigastric
R/L Flank
Umbilical 
R/L Inguinal 
Pubic
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4
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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5
Q

The inferior border of the ___ costal cartilage is what plane?

A

10th; Subcostal plane

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6
Q

Between _____ is the transtubercle plane

A

Iliac tubercles

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7
Q

Between _____ is the interspinous plane

A

ASIS

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8
Q

How high can the abdominopelvic cavity extend?

A

4th intercostal space

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9
Q

What lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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10
Q

What makes up the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Muscles, bones, CT

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11
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the fascial layers of the abdomen?

A

Integument
Camper’s Fascia
Scarpa’s Fascia

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12
Q

What is Camper’s Fascia made of?

A

Fatty layer of superficial fascia

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13
Q

What is Scarpa’s Fascia continuous with?

A

Fascia lata of lower limb AND Colle’s fascia of perineum

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14
Q

Fluid could flow from the Scarpa’s Fascia to where?

A

Superficial (Colle’s) Fascia of perineum

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15
Q

Most superficial abdominal muscle?

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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16
Q

What muscle creates the inguinal ligament, opening of the superficial inguinal ring and the lacunar ligament?

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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17
Q

Innervation and action of External Abdominal Oblique?

A

Ventral Rami

Compress abdomen, move and rotate trunk

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18
Q

What 2 muscles fibers run 90 degrees to each other?

A

External and Internal Abdominal Oblique

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19
Q

Innervation and action of Internal Abdominal Oblique?

A

T7-L1

Compress abdomen, support viscera, laterally flex and rotate trunk

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20
Q

Muscle fibers from what muscle run horizontally across the abdomen?

A

Transversus Abdominus

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21
Q

Innervation and action of transversus abdominus

A

T7-L1

Suppress and support abdominal viscera

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22
Q

This muscle has tendinous intersections, runs from pubic symphysis to 5-7 intercostal cartilages

A

Rectus Abdominus

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23
Q

Innervation and action of rectus abdominus?

A

T7-T12

Flex and compress abdomen

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24
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeuroses and fascia of muscles that encompass rectus abdominus

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25
What is the arcuate line?
Sharp transition where all aponeuroses become anterior to rectus abdominus
26
Describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line
- The external abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs anteriorly to rectus abdominus - The internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis splits and runs both anteriorly and posteriorly to rectus abdominus - The transversus abdominus aponeurosis runs posteriorly to rectus abdominus
27
Describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line
ALL aponeuroses fun anteriorly to rectus abdominus
28
Below the arcuate line, what is the rectus abdominus in contact with posteriorly?
Transversalis fascia
29
What are the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall?
Thoraco-abdominal Subcostal Iliohypogastric Ilioinguinal
30
Where do the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall run?
Between internal abdominal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominus muscle
31
Lymph vessels superior to the umbilicus drain where?
Axillary and parasternal lymph nodes
32
Lymph vessels inferior to the umbilicus drain where?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
33
What forms the inguinal canal?
The end of the external abdominal oblique muscle rolls up to create the inguinal ligament that forms a shelf
34
Entrance to inguinal canal and beginning of invagination of peritoneum into transversalis fascia
Deep ring
35
Exit of inguinal canal
Superficial ring
36
What runs in the inguinal canal in males?
Spermatic cord
37
What runs in the inguinal canal in females?
Round ligament
38
What nerves run in the inguinal canal?
Ilioinguinal nerve and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
39
What nerve exits lateral to the spermatic cord?
Ilioinguinal nerve
40
Gonads form near what level?
T10
41
What connects gonads to the future scrotal swellings?
Gubernaculum
42
Out-pocketing of peritoneal cavity
Processus vaginalis
43
Gonads descend along the ______ carrying vessels with them to the scrotum
Processus vaginalis
44
Remains of the processus vaginalis around testes?
Tunica vaginalis
45
What layers of the abdominal wall are carried down as the spermatic cord develops?
Transversalis fascia Internal abdominal oblique muscle External abdominal oblique muscle
46
Undescended testes
Cryptorchid testes
47
Cryptorchid testes increase your risk for?
Testicular cancer
48
As the spermatic cord develops, the transversalis fascia becomes?
Internal spermatic fascia
49
As the spermatic cord develops, the internal abdominal oblique muscle becomes?
Cremasteric muscle
50
As the spermatic cord develops, the external abdominal oblique muscle becomes?
External spermatic fascia
51
What are the spermatic cord contents?
Vas deferens Testicular A. and V. Gonadal nerves and lymphatics
52
Peritoneal fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis
Hydrocele
53
How is hydrocele detected?
Transillumination - light passes through
54
Blood accumulation in the tunica vaginalis
Hematocele
55
Can transillumination occur with hematocele?
No
56
Scrotum lymph drains where?
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
57
Testes lymph drains where?
Lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes
58
As the ovaries begin to descend, the gubernaculum attaches to what?
Uterus
59
The gubernaculum creates what for females?
Ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus
60
The round ligament enters the inguinal canal and attaches where?
Labial swellings
61
Boundaries of inguinal (hasselbach's) triangle?
Inguinal ligament Lateral border of rectus abdominus Lateral umbilical ligament
62
Hernial sac alongside spermatic cord
Direct inguinal hernia
63
Hernial sac within spermatic cord
Indirect inguinal hernia
64
Hernia below inguinal ligament, common in women
Femoral hernia

GIGU (29 decks)

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