Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GIGU > Development of GI Tract > Flashcards

Development of GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Celiac trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Midgut blood supply

A

SMA - superior mesentaric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hindgut blood supply

A

IMA - inferior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Narrowing of the opening to the yolk sac during embryonic folding creates?

A

Vitelline duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What creates the mucosal epithelium and GI glands (minus lower 1/3 of anus)?

A

Endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What creates the CT, vasculature and smooth muscle wall of GI tract?

A

Splanchic mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What creates the ganglia, nerves, glia, and epithelium of lower 1/3 of anus?

A

Ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What lines the peritoneal cavity?

A

Parietal peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What lines the abdominal organs?

A

Visceral peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

Peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Double fold of peritoneum that connects organs to body walls so they are not floating around aimlessly?

A

Mesentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Connects organs to dorsal body wall and runs entire GI tract

A

Dorsal mesentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connects organs to ventral body wall and runs from ventral stomach to umbilicus

A

Ventral mesentary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Dorsal mesentary give rise to?

A 
Greater omentum
Small intestine mesentary
Mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the Ventral mesentary give rise to?

A 
ALL THINGS LIVER:
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament of liver
Coronary ligament of liver
Triangular ligament of liver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Greater omentum includes?

A

Gastrosplenic, Gastrocolic and Splenorenal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lesser omentum inlcudes?

A

Hepatoduodenal and Hepatogastric ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Organs suspended by mesentary

A

Intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Organs excluded from peritoneal cavity

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the retroperitonal organs?

A 
SADPUCKER:
suprarenal glands
aorta
duodenum - 2nd and 3rd parts
pancreas - except tail 
ureters
colon - ascending and descending 
kidneys
esophagus
rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Organs initially suspended within mesentary that later fused with body wall

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Examples of secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

Ascending and descending colon
Bulk of pancreas
Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the Foregut create?

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Upper duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The stomach is suspended by both the dorsal and ventral mesentaries, describe its rotation

A

It elongates and rotates 90 degrees and takes vagus nerve and mesentaries with it, then the dorsal edge expands to make greater curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
As the stomach rotates, the dorsal mesogastrium becomes?
Greater omentum
26
As the stomach rotates, the ventral mesentary becomes?
Lesser omentum
27
Once the stomach rotates, what is the alignment of the vagus nerve?
LARP - left vagus anterior - right vagus posterior
28
After stomach rotation, what is the greater sac?
Greater space of peritoneal cavity
29
After stomach rotation, what is the lesser sac?
Space behind the stomach
30
Faulty migration of NCC, inability of sphincter to relax
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
31
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
Narrowing of pyloric lumen (opening btwn stomach and duodenum) due to thickened muscle - Presents after birth, palpable "olive" mass - Non-bile vomit, lesser stools and loss of weight
32
Describe the liver formation
Begins as hepatic diverticulum from foregut endoderm via connection of common bile duct - By 10th week in utero, takes over hematopoiesis
33
Endoderm liver cells
Hepatocytes, hepatic ducts and bile ducts
34
Mesoderm liver cells
Stromal, Kupffer and stellate cells
35
Describe the gallbladder formation
Begins as cystic diverticulum; a secondary outpouching off common bile duct and grows into ventral mesentary
36
Bile formed by hepatic cells beginning in week ___
12
37
The gallbladder is connected to the common bile duct what?
Cystic duct
38
Biliary Atresia
Obliteration of bile duct or it is replaced by fibrotic tissue - Jaundice, white clay stool, dark urine
39
Describe the pancreas formation
``` 2 buds (ventral and dorsal) sprout inferior to the cystic diverticulum on the foregut - Ventral bud migrates posteriorly and fuses with the Dorsal bud and duct ```
40
The ventral pancreatic bud creates
Uncinate process
41
The dorsal pancreatic bud creates
Pancreas head, body and tail
42
Main pancreatic duct?
Ventral
43
Accessory pancreatic duct?
Dorsal
44
Pancreas Divisum
Ventral and Dorsal pancreatic buds fail to fuse | - Mostly asymptomatic
45
Annular pancreas
Poor migration of ventral pancreas - Creates a pancreatic ring around 2nd part of duodenum - Can cause obstruction, bilious vomit and low birth weight
46
Where does the spleen form and what is it derived from?
It forms in the dorsal mesogastrium | It is derived from MESODERM
47
What does the midgut create?
``` Lower duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Proximal 2/3 transverse colon ```
48
What is unique about the midgut formation?
It herniates out of umbilicus at week 6 and returns to abdomen at week 10
49
Describe the midgut formation between week 6-10
- Midgut grows out of umbilicus and makes a 90 degree counterclockwise turn so the proximal gut is on the right side - Proximal side becomes convoluted and distal side forms cecum - Proximal side returns to abdomen and passes under distal portion, completing another 90 degree turn - Distal portion returns and makes a 3rd 90 degree turn
50
Herniated midgut does not fully retract like it is supposed to through umbilicus - Covered by parietal peritoneum
Omphalocele
51
Abnormal lateral body folding/fusion - defect in abdominal wall causes wall weakness - Bowel herniates out - Not covered in parietal peritoneum
Gastroschisis
52
Failure of vitelline duct connect to midgut to regress - Midgut remains connected to umbilicus - Rule of 2's
Meckel's Diverticulum - 2% population and symptoms - 2x more likely in males - presents in first 2 years of life
53
Midgut only rotates 90 degrees, end up with a left sided colon
Malrotation/non-rotation of midgut loop
54
Midgut rotates a NET 90 degrees CLOCKWISE, end up with duodenum anterior to transverse colon
Reverse gut rotation
55
Twisting of bowel around its mesentary "coffee bean sign" - abdominal pain, vomiting, bleeding
Volvulus
56
What does the Hindgut create?
``` Distal 1/3 transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Superior 2/3 anal canal ```
57
Portion of hindgut during development that separates into rectum and urogenital sinus
Cloaca
58
What develops fork-like extensions that grow inward to separate the cloaca?
Urorectal septum
59
The urorectal septum separates the cloaca into?
Urogenital sinus and anorectal canal
60
What ruptures to open the urogenital sinus and anorectal canal to the exterior?
Cloacal membrane
61
The urogenital sinus will eventually become what?
Bladder and urethra
62
Rectum is derived from what?
Endoderm
63
Anus is derived from what?
Ectoderm
64
What blocks the rectal lumen from the anal opening?
Anal plug that will eventually undergo apoptosis
65
____ surrounding anal opening proliferates outward to form _____
Mesoderm | Anal pit
66
The anal pit is lined with?
Ectoderm
67
What divides the origin of the hindgut and the anal pit?
Pectineal line
68
Pectineal line seperates the rectum and anus; thus seperating what type of origin derivation?
Endoderm (rectum) and Ectoderm (anus)
69
Imperforate anus
Opening to anus is missing or blocked due to persistent anal membrane
70
Abnormal urorectal septum
Urorectal septum does not properly separate the urogenital sinus and rectum
71
Hirschsprung's Disease
Failure of NCC migration which causes absent ganglionic plexus; and then colon fails to relax
72
Signs seen with Hirschsprung's Disease
Intestinal wall hypertrophy proximally Abnormal colonic dilation Failure to pass meconium

GIGU (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions