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GIGU > Mesentaries and Abdominal Foregut > Flashcards

Mesentaries and Abdominal Foregut Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

Parietal and visceral peritoneum are ____ with one another

A

Continuous

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2
Q

What are the functions of the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

Produce peritoneal fluid that reduces friction between abdominal organs and to produce antibodies/mobilize leukocytes (resists infection)

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3
Q

What is a mesentary?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects intraperitoneal organs to the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What runs within mesentaries?

A

Arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics and variable amounts of fat that supply the organs attached

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5
Q

What is an omentum?

A

Collection of ligaments (tissue) that connect the organs to each other

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6
Q

List the peritoneal ligaments

A 
Hepatoduodenal
Hepatogastric
Gastrophrenic
Gastrosplenic
Gastrocolic
Splenorenal
Phrenocolic
Transverse mesocolic
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7
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

Space behind the lesser omentum

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8
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Tissue (ligaments) that drapes over anterior surface of intestines

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9
Q

Epiploic foramen

A

Opening connecting the greater and lesser sacs (spaces)

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10
Q

Anterior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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11
Q

Posterior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

Superior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Liver

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13
Q

Inferior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

1st part of duodenum

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14
Q

In what quadrant is most of the stomach?

A

LUQ

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15
Q

At what level is the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

T10

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16
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the stomach and where?

A

T11

At the cardiac orifice

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17
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A 
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus 
Greater and lesser curvature
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18
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach connects to ____

A

Greater omentum

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19
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach connects to _____

A

Lesser omentum

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20
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Portion of the stomach that protrudes up through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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21
Q

2 types of hiatal hernias?

A
  1. Para-esophageal

2. Sliding

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22
Q

Para-esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Fundus herniates through the esophageal hiatus

- NO REGURGITATION

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23
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Cardia and some fundus herniate through the esophageal hiatus
- SOME REGURGITATION

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24
Q

Where is the spleen?

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A

LUQ, parallel to ribs 9-11

25
Where does the duodenum begin and end?
Begins at pylorus and ends at the level of L2 at the duodenojejunal junction
26
How many parts of the duodenum are there?
4
27
1st part of duodenum
Superior; begins traveling to the right
28
2nd part of duodenum
Descends; contains openings of hepatopancreatic ducts
29
3rd part of duodenum
Horizontal; crossed by superior mesenteric artery and vein
30
4th part of duodenum
Ascends to join with jejunum
31
Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
2-4
32
What ligament connects the duodenojejunal junction?
Ligament of Treitz
33
Sympathetic innervation of foregut
T5-T9 from greater splanchic nerves
34
Parasympathetic innervation of foregut
From anterior and posterior vagal trunks that pierce diaphragm at T10
35
Where is the liver?
RUG, epigastric and can extend over to LUQ
36
Diaphragmatic surface of liver
Conforms to concavity of diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum there and also in contact with inferior vena cava
37
Visceral surface of liver
Covered with peritoneum, except where gallbladder and porta hepatis are located
38
What is porta hepatis?
Transverse fissure on the liver that contains the portal triad
39
Cirrhosis
Hepatomegaly and hobnail appearance of liver due to fatty changes and fibrosis
40
The right lobe of the liver is bigger. What smaller lobes does it contain?
Caudate and quadrate lobes
41
What are the ligaments of the liver?
Coronary ligament Right and left triangular ligaments Falciform ligament
42
The falciform ligament of the liver separates what?
Right and left liver lobes
43
The caudate lobe of the liver is between the falciform ligament and the?
IVC - inferior vena cava
44
The quadrate lobe of the liver is between the falciform ligament and the?
Gallbladder
45
Describe the dual blood supply of the liver
1. Receives oxygenated blood from the heart via the hepatic artery 2. Receives venous blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen and gallbladder via the hepatic portal vein which connects to the IVC
46
What is in the portal triad?
Hepatic artery Hepatic portal vein Common bile duct
47
What is the pringle maneuver?
Compressing the hepatic artery in order to stop the bleeding from the cystic artery during gallbladder removal surgery
48
Where is the pancreas?
Behind lesser sac in epigastric region at level of L1-L2
49
What are the parts of the pancreas?
Uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail
50
The head of the pancreas sits where?
Adjacent to 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum
51
Function of gallbladder?
Stores and releases bile
52
Parts of gallbladder?
Neck, body, fundus
53
What connects the gallbladder to the liver?
The cystic duct connects to the common bile duct which is connected to the liver
54
Describe the formation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla
Right and Left hepatic ducts form common hepatic duct - Joins with cystic duct to form bile duct - Bile duct joins with pancreatic duct to create hepatopancreatic ampulla
55
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
56
Gallstones are made of what?
Cholesterol crystals
57
Where can gallstones lodge?
Cystic duct Hepatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct
58
If gallstones lodge at hepatopancreatic duct, what happens?
Bile backs up into pancreas and can cause pancreatitis
59
3 main arteries off the celiac trunk?
Common hepatic Splenic Left gastric

GIGU (29 decks)

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