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Histo of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

The menstrual cycle consists of what 2 cycles?

A
  1. Ovarian Cycle

2. Uterine Cycle

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2
Q

What happens during the ovarian cycle?

A

Several follicles undergo folliculogenesis in preparation for ovulation

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3
Q

What happens during the uterine cycle?

A

Endometrium prepares for implantation

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4
Q

The ovary is lined by what 2 things?

A 
Ovarian surface epithelium 
Tunica Albuginea (CT capsule)
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5
Q

What type of epithelium is the ovarian surface epithelium?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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6
Q

The ovarian surface epithelium is the embyronic source for what cell types that comprise growing follicles?

A

Granulosa cells

Stromal cells

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7
Q

The ovary is made of a peripheral cortex and inner medulla. What is contained in the peripheral cortex?

A

Ovarian follicles

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8
Q

The ovary is made of a peripheral cortex and inner medulla. What is contained in the inner medulla?

A

Interstitial cells, neurovasculature and lymphatics

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9
Q

The ovarian follicles are in the ovarian cortex. What does a single follicle contain?

A

A single oocyte

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10
Q

When do early stages of oogenesis occur?

A

Fetal life

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11
Q

Oocytes present at birth remain arrested in?

A

Meiosis 1

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12
Q

Folliculogenesis

A

Select follicles undergo growth and maturation

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13
Q

What are the phases of folliculogenesis?

A
  1. Follicular phase
  2. Ovulatory phase
  3. Luteal phase
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14
Q

What is the order of maturation for follicles in the follicular phase of folliculogenesis?

A
  • Primordial follicles
  • Primary follicles
  • Late primary follicles
  • Secondary follicle
  • Mature follicle
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15
Q

Granulosa cells within a follicle surround and support?

A

Oocyte

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16
Q

Primordial follicles epithelium

A

Simple squamous cells surrounding oocyte

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17
Q

Primary follicles epithelium

A

Simple cuboidal layer of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte

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18
Q

Late primary follicles epithelium

A

Stratified granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte

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19
Q

What separates granulosa cells in a follicle from the ovarian stroma?

A

Basal lamina

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20
Q

How do stratified granulosa cells in a late primary follicle communicate?

A

Gap junctions

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21
Q

Describe what occurs in a secondary follicle

A

Granulosa cells begin to secrete follicular fluid
- Fluid accumulates in spaces = Call-Exner bodies
- Call-Exner bodies merge = Antrum
Stromal cells form separate Thecal layers

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22
Q

At what follicle would you expect to see an antrum of follicular fluid?

A

Secondary follicle

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23
Q

At what follicle would you expect to see the stromal cells separate into thecal layers?

A

Secondary follicle

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24
Q

What are the thecal layers of the stromal cells surrounding the secondary follicle?

A

Theca Interna

Theca Externa

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25
Job of Theca Interna cells?
Produce Androstenedione that is converted to Estradiol
26
Theca Interna cells are adjacent to?
Basal lamina of the follicle
27
The thecal layers of the stromal cells are what type of epithelium?
Stratified cuboidal
28
What changes occur with a mature follicle?
Antrum enlarges - 2cm and thecal layers thicken | Granulosa cell populations arise
29
In a mature follicle, what are the granulosa cell types?
Mural Granulosa cells Cumulus Oophorous Corona Radiata
30
Where are Mural granulosa cells?
Lining the follicular wall
31
Where are Cumulos oophorous cells?
Anchoring the primary oocyte to the follicular wall
32
Where are the Corona radiata cells?
Immediately surrounding the zona pellucida that surrounds the oocyte
33
Describe the layers you would see from most external to internal in a mature follicle
``` Theca Externa Theca Interna Basal lamina Mural Granulosa Cells Cumulus Oophorous (one portion) and Antrum (rest) Corona Radiata Zona pellucida Oocyte ```
34
During one menstrual cycle only 1 follicle becomes the dominant follicle. What do the other follicles undergo?
Follicular Atresia
35
Follicular Atresia
Failure of a follicle to ovulate
36
What is the mechanism for Follicular Atresia?
Apoptosis to ensure no inflammatory response
37
What is the appearance of a follicle undergoing follicular atresia?
GLASSY membrane
38
After the mature follicle is created in the follicular phase of folliculogenesis, what is the next phase?
Ovulatory phase
39
What happens during the ovulatory phase of folliculogenesis?
LH surge causes Oocyte to undergo ovulation and enters oviduct
40
During the ovulatory phase of folliculogenesis, what cells repair the ovarian surface epithelium?
Mural granulosa cells and Theca Interna cells
41
What is the next phase of folliculogenesis after the ovulatory phase?
Luteal phase
42
What occurs during Luteinization of the luteal phase of folliculogenesis?
Thecal cells differentiate into the corpus luteum to promote endometrial changes that support implantation
43
What thecal cells differentiate into the corpus luteum?
Mural granulosa cells | Theca Interna cells
44
For the Luteal phase, what will the mural granulosa cells become in the corpus luteum?
Granulosa lutein cells
45
For the luteal phase, what will the theca interna cells become in the corpus luteum?
Theca lutein cells
46
What do granulosa lutein cells secrete?
Estrogen and pregesterone
47
What do theca lutein cells secrete?
Androstenedione and progesterone
48
If fertilization occurs, what does the corpus luteum do?
Continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone
49
If fertilization occurs, what stimuli acts on the corpus luteum for them to continue secreting estrogen and progesterone?
hCG
50
If fertilization does NOT occur, what does the corpus luteum do?
Luteolysis
51
Luteolysis
Regression of the corpus luteum and it forms corpus albicans
52
Corpus albicans
The regression of the corpus luteum; | - Made of scar CT with collagen and becomes very small
53
What are the main layers of the uterine tube?
Mucosal layer of simple columnar epithelium Smooth muscle layer Serosa
54
What cells are in the mucosal layer of the uterine tube and what is their response to estrogen?
Ciliated cells and secretory peg cells that grow in size in response to estrogen
55
What is in the smooth muscle layer of the uterine tubes and what function does this layer have?
Inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle - peristaltic contractions to move zygote/oocyte to uterus
56
More folds are housed in the _____ of the uterine tube
Ampulla
57
What are the 2 options for the endometrium with the uterine cycle
Endometrium prepares for implantation or is shed and menstruation occurs
58
What are the tissue parts of the uterus?
Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
59
Serosa covering the posterior surface of the uterus
Perimetrium
60
Thick smooth muscle, has a stratum vasculare in the central circular layer of the uterus
Myometrium
61
What type of epithelium is the endometrium?
Simple columnar with simple tubular glands
62
What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?
Basal layer and Functional layer
63
Which layer of the endometrium is retained during menstruation?
Basal layer
64
Which layer of the endometrium is shed during menstruation?
Functional layer
65
Which layer of the endometrium is closest to the myometrium?
Basal layer
66
The endometrium is supplied by ______ arteries
Arcuate
67
The basal layer of the endometrium is supplied by ______ artery
Straight
68
The functional layer of the endometrium is supplied by ______ artery
Coiled/spiral
69
Before menstruation, what happens to the arcuate artery?
The artery contracts at the straight-coiled junction
70
What occurs after the arcuate artery contracts at the straight-coiled junction?
Reduces blood flow to the functional layer of the endometrium, it is destroyed and shed
71
What are the 3 phases of the menstrual cycle?
1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferative phase 3. Secretory phase
72
What days and what happens during the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle?
Day 1-4 | - Functional layer sloughed away
73
What days and what happens during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?
Day 5-14 - Glands proliferate and spiral artery elongates - - Estrogen DEPENDENT
74
What days and what happens during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
Day 15-28 | - Endometrium reaches max thickness and glands appear saw tooth
75
What reaction occurs if pregnancy takes place?
Decidual reaction
76
With the decidual reaction, fibroblasts differentiate into decidual cells and store?
Glycogen and lipids
77
What functions does the decidual reaction serve?
Provides immune protective environment | Moderates syncytiotrophoblast invasion
78
What are the 2 parts of the cervix?
Endocervix | Ectocervix
79
What type of epithelium is at the endocervix?
Simple columnar with cervical crypts
80
If the cervical crypts at the endocervix get occluded/dilated, what will form?
Nabothian cysts
81
What type of epithelium is at the ectocervix?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
82
What type of epithelium is at the vagina?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
83
What is the hallmark of the vagina epithelium?
NO GLANDS

GIGU (29 decks)

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