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GIGU > Histo of Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histo of Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Responsible for sperm and androgen production?

A

Testes

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2
Q

Responsible for semen production and sperm nutrient sources?

A

Seminal Vesicle
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland

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3
Q

Where are the Testes located?

A

In the scrotum and associated posteriorly with the epididymis

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4
Q

What lines the testes and is the outermost structure?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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5
Q

What are the 2 layers of the Tunica Vaginalis?

A
  1. Outer parietal layer

2. Inner visceral layer

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6
Q

Deep to the inner visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis is?

A

Tunica Albuginea (TA)

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7
Q

The testes have septa that creates 250-300 ____ filled with?

A

Lobules filled with seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

What lines seminiferous tubules?

A

Seminiferous epithelium

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9
Q

What cell types are located within the seminiferous tubules?

A

Sertoli cells

Spermatogenic cells

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10
Q

Seminiferous tubules are surrounded with 3-5 layers of?

A

Peritubular myoid cells

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11
Q

Job of peritubular myoid cells?

A

Create peristaltic contractions to help move the spermatozoa

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12
Q

Where can you find the interstitial cells of leydig?

A

Found in between seminiferous tubules in the testes

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13
Q

What do the interstitial cells of leydig contain and sit next to?

A

Contain steroid hormones (testosterone) and lipid droplets and sit next to blood vessels to release those products

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14
Q

How do interstitial cells of leydig stain?

A

White speckles due to the lipid droplets they contain

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15
Q

What cells accompany the interstitial cells of leydig?

A

Peritubular myoid cells and fibroblasts

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16
Q

What type of cells are sertoli cells (epithelium)?

A

Columnar cells with extensive processes

- Extend full thickness of epithelium

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17
Q

What is the hallmark feature of a sertoli cell?

A

Cyclops nucleus

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18
Q

Sertoli cells surround spermatogenic cells and occupy the spaces between them. What are the sertoli cells bound by?

A

Tight junctions

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19
Q

The tight junctions that bind sertoli cells together creates?

A

Sertoli cell - to - Sertoli cell junctional complex

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20
Q

What does the sertoli cell - to - sertoli cell junctional complex then create?

A

Blood - Testis - barrier

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21
Q

How do you find the Blood - Testis - Barrier?

A

Draw a horizontal line between the cyclops nuclei of the sertoli cells

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22
Q

What do the spermatogenic cells do?

A

Replicate and differentiate into mature sperm

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23
Q

What and where are spermatogonia?

A

Most immature spermatogenic cells that rest on basal lamina

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24
Q

What and where are the spermatids?

A

More mature spermatogenic cells that are attached to the apical surface of the sertoli cells near the seminiferous tubule lumen

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25
Where are spermatogonia located?
Basement membrane
26
What are the 2 types of spermatogonia?
Type A | Type B
27
Type A spermatogonia can divide how?
It can generate copies of ITSELF OR | It can differentiate into a Type B spermatogonia
28
Type B spermatogonia can divide how?
They enter the meiotic prophase as primary spermatocytes
29
Spermatocytes undergo ____ meiotic divisions
2
30
Where do spermatocytes undergo meiotic divisions?
In the blood-testis barrier
31
Describe spermatocytes maturation
Primary spermatocyte Secondary spermatocyte Spermatid
32
The sertoli cell - to - sertoli cell junctional complex divides the epithelium into what compartments?
Basal and luminal compartments
33
What do the basal and luminal compartments of the seminiferous tubule epithelium do?
Isolate germ cells from the systemic circulation
34
What cells are restricted to the basal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium?
Spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes
35
What cells can pass through the blood-testis barrier to move from the basal to luminal compartment?
Primary spermatocytes
36
What cells are restricted to the luminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium?
Secondary spermatocytes and spermatids
37
Spermatids undergo ______ to become mature sperm
Spermiogenesis
38
Round spermatids are housed?
In niches of sertoli cells
39
Round spermatids are also called?
Early spermatids
40
Elongated spermatids are housed?
In apical crypts of sertoli cells
41
Elongated spermatids are also called?
Later spermatids
42
Spermiation
Release of spermatids into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules
43
With spermiation, what is lost?
The intracellular bridges that connect spermatids to each other
44
What is the sperm transport pathway?
``` Seminiferous tubules Straight tubules Rete testis Efferent ductules Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory duct ```
45
Job of epididymis?
Fully mature sperm and store them
46
Where are mature sperm stored?
TAIL of epididymis
47
What are the cell types in the epididymis?
Principal cells | Stem cells of principal cells
48
Describe principal cells (epithelium) in the epididymis
Columnar cells with stereocilia extending from lumen to basal lamina
49
A thin circular layer of smooth muscle surrounds the epididymis cells, what additional smooth muscle is added and where?
An inner and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle are added to the tail region of the epididymis
50
What epithelia is lining the Ductus (vas) deferens?
Pseudostratified columnar with SPARSE stereocilia
51
Describe the layers of the muscular wall of the ductus deferens
Inner and outer longitudinal layer | Middle circular layer
52
Ampulla of the ductus deferens leads to?
Prostate gland
53
What are the accessory glands?
Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral glands Urethral glands
54
What accessory glands (3) make up the majority of the seminal fluid?
Seminal vesicles and prostate gland
55
Seminal vesicle secretes an alkaline secretion rich in?
Fructose and prostaglandins
56
Seminal vesicles on a histo image?
Highly folded mucosa | Pseudostratified columnar epithelium and smooth muscle layers
57
Seminal vesicle ducts + ductus deferens =
Ejaculatory duct
58
What are the zones of the prostate gland?
Central zone Peripheral zone Transitional zone Periurethral zone
59
Central zone of prostate gland
Surrounds ejaculatory ducts as they pierce prostate gland
60
Peripheral zone of prostate gland
Surrounds central zone
61
Where do most prostatic carcinomas arise?
Peripheral zone of prostate gland
62
Transitional zone of prostate gland
Surrounds prostatic urethra
63
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Transitional zone compresses prostatic urethra and makes it hard to urinate
64
Periurethral zone of the prostate gland contains?
Mucosal and submucosal glands
65
Where do ALL glands empty into?
Prostatic urethra
66
The lumen of the prostate gland contains columnar epithelia and what other structure?
Corpora Amylacea
67
Corpora Amylacea
Found in the prostate gland | - Rich in glycoprotein and calcium
68
Prostate produces an alkaline, ____ rich fluid to neutralize acidic environment of vagina
Zinc
69
What do bulbourethral glands look like?
Mucous glands (pale)
70
Job of bulbourethral glands?
Secrete preseminal fluid that lubricates penile urethra
71
What contains the penile urethra?
Corpus spongiosum
72
Distal tip of corpus spongiosum?
Glans penis
73
What surrounds each corpus cavernosum?
Tunica albuginea
74
With erectile tissue, blood fills?
Cavernous spaces
75
Describe the steps in the erectile tissue
- Parasymp. relaxes smooth muscle and dilates helicine arteries = increased blood flow to cavernous spaces - Enlargement compresses the dorsal veins against the tunica albuginea and blocks venous outflow - At ejaculation, symp. constrict the helicine arteries and decrease blood flow and allow the veins to drain the blood

GIGU (29 decks)

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