Anterior and Medial thigh Session 31

Question 1

what is the action of the anterior thigh muscles on the hip joint

Answer 1

flex thigh at hip joint

Question 2

what is the action of the medial thigh muscles on the hip joint

Answer 2

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Question 3

what is the deep fascia of the thigh called and what is its structure (hint: not between compartments)

Answer 3

facia lata

surrounds the thigh like a sleeve

Question 4

what is the iliotibial band, what does it attach to and what is this important for?

Answer 4

faschial continuation of tensor fascia lata
attaches to lateral aspect of proximal tibia
important to stabilise knee joint

Question 5

where does the intermuscular septa extend from and to and what does it do

Answer 5

extends from linea aspera to fascia lata

separates thigh into its anterior, medial and posterior compartments

Question 6

what is the action of the anterior thigh muscles on the knee joint

Answer 6

extend the leg at the knee joint

Question 7

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment muscles and what r its spinal roots

Answer 7

femoral nerve L2-L4

Question 8

what r the 7 muscles of the anterior compartment

Answer 8

sartorius
iliopsoas
pectineus
4 x quadriceps femoris

Question 9

what r the 4 quadricep femoris muscles

Answer 9

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

Question 10

what muscle forms the bulk of the anterior thigh

Answer 10

quadriceps femoris

Question 11

what muscle is the prime extensor of the knee

Answer 11

quadriceps femoris

Question 12

what is the insertion of the quadriceps femoris muscles and how do all the muscles insert

Answer 12

converge onto quadriceps tendon

this tendon runs over the patella to insert onto the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament

Question 13

where is rectus femoris, its attachment and extra action

Answer 13

midline of anterior thigh
attached to ASIS
flexion of the hip (because it crosses the hip)

Question 14

where is vastus lateralis and its attachment

Answer 14

lies lateral to rectus femoris

attached to linea aspera

Question 15

what and where is the linea aspera

Answer 15

long ridge on posterior aspect of femoral shaft

Question 16

where is vastus medialis and its attachment

Answer 16

medial to rectus femoris

attached to linea aspera

Question 17

where is vastus intermedius and its attachment

Answer 17

deep to rectus femoris

attached to anterior aspect of femoral shaft

Question 18

what is the location of sartorius and where does it run

Answer 18

lies in anterior thigh and runs medially

Question 19

what is the attachment and insertion of sartorius

Answer 19

attaches proximally at ASIS

inserts onto medial aspect of proximal tibia

Question 20

actions of sartorius and what is important about its actions

hint: open the gate

Answer 20

flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint
flex the knee
not a prime mover- only contributes to these movements

Question 21

location of illiopsoas

Answer 21

proximal in anterior thigh

Question 22

action of illiopsoas

Answer 22

prime flexor of hip joint

Question 23

insertion and attachment of iliopsoas

Answer 23

psoas major and iliacus converge via a common tendon and insert onto the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 24

what forms a superficial triangle in the anterior thigh

Answer 24

tensor fascia latae and sartorius

Question 25

where does pectineous lie

Answer 25

in proximal anterior thigh | medial to iliopsoas

Question 26

what is the origin and insertion of pectineus

Answer 26

origin= superior pubic ramus | insertion inferior to lesser trochanter on femur

Question 27

what innervates the medial thigh muscles and spinal roots of this

Answer 27

obturator nerve L2-L4

Question 28

what r the 5 muscles of the medial compartment

Answer 28

``` adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus ```

Question 29

what is the general action of medial compartment of thigh muscles

Answer 29

adductors of hip

Question 30

why r the MIDDLE compartment muscles important for normal gait

Answer 30

help draw the leg back towards to the midline during walking

Question 31

what is the origin and insertion of the adductor brevis and longus

Answer 31

``` origin= pubic bone attachment= linea aspera ```

Question 32

what is the location of adductor brevis in relation to adductor longus

Answer 32

adductor brevis lies deep to longus

Question 33

where is the obturator nerve found

Answer 33

between adductor brevis and longus

Question 34

what r the two parts of the adductor magnus called

Answer 34

adductor part and hamstring part

Question 35

what is the origin and insertion and innervation of the adductor part of the adductor magnus

Answer 35

origin= inferior pubic ramus insertion= linea aspera obturator nerve

Question 36

what is the adductor hiatus

Answer 36

gap betwen the distal attachments of the two parts of adductor magnus

Question 37

what travels through the adductor hiatus

Answer 37

femoral artery and vein

Question 38

attachment, insertion and actions of gracilis. is it a prime mover?- acronym is DUFF

Answer 38

pubic bone medial aspect of tibia weak adductor and flexor of hip, weak flexor of knee not a prime mover

Question 39

attachment, insertion and function of obturator externus

Answer 39

external surface of obturator membrane inserts onto femur near greater trochanter stabilises and laterally rotates hip joint

Question 40

what is the femoral artery a continuation of

Answer 40

external iliac artery

Question 41

what is the branch that comes of the femoral artery called and where does it go and what does it innervate

Answer 41

profunda femoris travels deep into thigh supplies thigh

Question 42

how does femoral artery enter anterior thigh

Answer 42

travels deep to inguinal ligament | enters anterior thigh proximally

Question 43

what is the path of the femoral artery after the profunda femoris branches off and what happens to it?

Answer 43

continues distally to traverse the adductor hiatus enters the distal part of posterior thigh called the popliteal fossa here it becomes the popliteal artery

Question 44

what is the obturator artery a branch of

Answer 44

internal iliac artery

Question 45

what is the path of the obturator artery

Answer 45

travels through obturator canal into medial compartment of thigh anastomoses with branches from femoral artery

Question 46

what is the path of the obturator vein

Answer 46

travels through obturator canal and joins internal iliac vein in the pelvis

Question 47

what is the path of the femoral vein

Answer 47

travels under inguinal ligament and is continuous with external iliac vein

Question 48

what is the position of the femoral vein in relation to the femoral artery

Answer 48

vein is medial to artery

Question 49

what is the path of the femoral nerve

Answer 49

travels deep to inguinal ligament | enters proximal anterior thigh lateral to femoral artery

Question 50

what is the innervation of the femoral nerve and its main branch's innervation

Answer 50

femoral: anterior thigh muscles | saphenous nerve: sensory branch that innervates skin over the leg

Question 51

what is the path of the obturator nerve

Answer 51

travels along the lateral wall of the pelvis and exits through the obturator canal emerges onto superficial surface of adductor brevis

Question 52

what is the innervation of obturator nerve

Answer 52

innervates the medial compartment muscles and skin over medial thigh

Question 53

what r the 3 borders of the femoral triangle

Answer 53

lateral: medial border of sartorius medial: lateral border of adductor longus superior: inguinal ligament

Question 54

what is the apex and floor of the femoral triangle

Answer 54

apex: where sartorius and adductor longus meet floor: made up of iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

Question 55

what r the 4 important contents of the femoral triangle

Answer 55

femoral artery femoral vein great saphenous vein (joins femoral vein) femoral nerve