Palm of hand Session 29

Question 1

what r the two surfaces of the hand

Answer 1

palmar and dorsal

Question 2

when is a scaphoid usually fractured

Answer 2

when falling on an outstretched hand

Question 3

what bones lie in between the carpals and phalanges and how r they named

Answer 3

metacarpals

1-5 starting with the thumb

Question 4

what r the names of the parts of the phalanges in the thumb and fingers

Answer 4

fingers: proximal middle distal
thumb: proximal and distal

Question 5

what r carpometacarpal joints in between

Answer 5

distal row carpal bones and metacarpals

Question 6

what r metacarpophalangeal joints in between

Answer 6

between proximal phalanges and metacarpals

Question 7

what r interphalangeal joints in between

Answer 7

the parts of the phalanges

Question 8

compare interphalangeal joints in the fingers and in the thumb

Answer 8

fingers: 2 joints- proximal and distal
thumb: only one

Question 9

what types of grip can the hand and digits perform

Answer 9

power grip
hook grip
precision grip

Question 10

what r the movements of the fingers

Answer 10

flexsion
extension
abduction
adduction

Question 11

what r the movements of the thumb

Answer 11

flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
opposition

Question 12

where r the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the fingers and thumb

Answer 12

intrinsic: within the hand
extrinsic: lie in anterior and posterior forearm and their tendons travel into the hand

Question 13

what 3 muscles in anterior forearm flex the digits and thumb

Answer 13

flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus

Question 14

what 5 muscles flex the wrist

Answer 14

flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus
flexor carpi radialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 15

what is the action of the tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 15

flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers

Question 16

what is the insertion of the tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 16

splits into two slips and inserts either side of the middle phalynx

Question 17

what is the action of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 17

flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint and the proximal interphalangeal joint as well as flexing the DISTAL interphalangeal joint (only muscles that can flex the DIP joints)

Question 18

what is the insertion of the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 18

tendon passes through the split in the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon to insert onto the distal phalynx

Question 19

where does the tendon of the flexor pollicus longus insert

Answer 19

distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 20

what is the action of flexor pollicis longus

Answer 20

flexes the interphalangeal joint of the thumb (only muscle able to do so)

Question 21

what r flexor tendon sheaths

Answer 21

fibrous sheaths enclosed by a synovial sheath that enclose the long flexor tendons

Question 22

what are the 2 functions of flexor tendon sheaths

Answer 22

maintain position of flexor tendons in the midline of each finger
reduce friction (due to synovial sheath) so tendons can slide freely during movement

Question 23

what is tenosynovitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath

Question 24

what is the function of the thick palmar aponeurosis

Answer 24

protects the long flexor tendons, tendon sheaths and vessels in the central palm

Question 25

what r the four groups of intrinsic muscle and one single muscle

Answer 25

``` thenar eminence hypothener eminence lumbricals interossei adductor pollicis ```

Question 26

what makes up the thenar eminence

Answer 26

flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis

Question 27

what is the action and insertion of the flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 27

flexion | proximal phalanx

Question 28

what is the action and insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 28

``` abduction proximal phalanx (lateral aspect) ```

Question 29

what is the action and insertion of the opponens pollicis brevis

Answer 29

1st metacarpal | opposition

Question 30

what innervates the thenar eminence

Answer 30

recurrent branch of the median nerve

Question 31

what is the relation between the recurrent median and median nerve

Answer 31

recurrent branch of median leaves the median nerve after passing through the carpal tunnel

Question 32

where is the adductor pollicis and what is its movement and where is its attachment

Answer 32

deep in the palm adduction 3rd metacarpal and proximal phalanx of the thumb

Question 33

what muscles make up the HYPOTHENAR eminence

Answer 33

flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi opponends digiti minimi

Question 34

what is the action and insertion of the opponents digiti minimi

Answer 34

opposition | 5th metacarpal

Question 35

what is the action and insertion of the flexion digiti minimi

Answer 35

flexion | proximal phalanx

Question 36

what is the action and insertion of the abductor digiti minimi

Answer 36

abduction | proximal phalanx

Question 37

where do the 4 lumbrical muscles arise from

Answer 37

the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 38

what do the 4 lumbricals travel along and what is their insertion

Answer 38

travel along the lateral aspect of the digits 2-5 | insert onto the dorsal aspects of digits 2-5

Question 39

whata is the action of the lumbricals

Answer 39

flex the MCP joints and extend the interphalangeal joints AT THE SAME TIME

Question 40

what is the innervation of the lumricals

Answer 40

``` lateral 2 (index middle) = median medial 2 (ring pinky) = ulnar ```

Question 41

what bones are the interossei muscles located in between

Answer 41

between the metacarpals

Question 42

how many interossei r there

Answer 42

3 palmar and 4 dorsal

Question 43

what are the three actions of the interossei

Answer 43

palmar interossei addcut (PAD) dorsal interossei abduct (DAB) interossei help extension of the fingers at the interphalangeal joints

Question 44

does the radial nerve supply any muscles in the hand

Answer 44

no (only median and ulna)

Question 45

what 6 structures travel superficial (over) the dlexor retinaculum

Answer 45

tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis and palmaris longus radial artery ulnar artery and ulnar nerve

Question 46

what part of the skin of the hand does the median nerve innervate

Answer 46

``` palmar surface (only lateral 3.5 digits) dorsal skin of distal phalanges of the lateral 3.5 digits ```

Question 47

what part of the skin of the hand does the ulnar nerve innervate

Answer 47

the medial 1.5 digits on the palmar and dorsal aspect of the hand

Question 48

what part of the skin of the hand does the radial nerve innervate

Answer 48

dorsal surface of lateral 3.5 digits up to the distal interphalangeal joint (as the distal phalanx is innervated by the median nerve)

Question 49

what is the upper limb innervated by

Answer 49

brachial plexus and spinal nerves C5-T1

Question 50

what do the upper limb spinal nerves innervates (dermatomes)

Answer 50

``` C5 upper lateral arm C6 thumb and 1st digit C7 middle finger C8 medial part of hand T1 medial border of elbow ```

Question 51

why do injuries to the median/ulnar nerve not impair sensation of palm of hand

Answer 51

cutaneous branches of medial and ulnar nerves that supply palm arise in the forearm

Question 52

what will injury to the median/ ulnar nerve at the wrist mean

Answer 52

sensory impairment on palmar aspect to supplied fingers

Question 53

what two arteries supply the hand and what r they a branch of

Answer 53

radial and ulnar | brachial

Question 54

what is the position of the radial and ulnar artery and cephalic and basilic vein

Answer 54

radial artery and cephalic vein r lateral | basilic vein and ulnar artery r medial

Question 55

what travels alongside the ulnar artery

Answer 55

ulnar nerve

Question 56

what two palmar arches r formed in the palm of the hand and what two arteries anastamose to form them

Answer 56

superficial and deep palmar arch | radial and ulnar artery

Question 57

what mostly supplies the superficial palmar arch

Answer 57

ulnar artery

Question 58

what mostly supplies the deep palmar arch

Answer 58

radial

Question 59

what do the palmar arches give rise to and what do these supply

Answer 59

metacarpal and digital arteries (supply palm and digits)

Question 60

what is a problem with a scaphoid fracture and why is this important

Answer 60

blood supply from distal to proximal part fracture interrupts blood supply so the proximal part dies proximal part of scaphoid articulates with the radius