Posterior Leg and Sole of Foot Session 34

Question 1

what is the posterior compartment of leg split into

Answer 1

superficial and deep group of muscles

Question 2

what r the superficial muscles in posterior compartment of the leg (3)

Answer 2

gastrocnemius, soleal, plantaris

Question 3

what is the common insertion of all of the superficial muscles in posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 3

calcaneal tendon to calcaneous bone

Question 4

what is the order of superfifical muscles from most superficial to deep and include the neurovascular bundle

Answer 4

1. gastrocnemius
2. plantaris
3. soleal
4. tibial neurovascular bundle

Question 5

what is the attachment of gastrocnemius

Answer 5

attachment: 2 condyles of distal femur

Question 6

what is the action of gastronemius (2)

Answer 6

flexes knee, platarflexes ankle

Question 7

what is the attachment of soleus

Answer 7

soleal line

Question 8

what is the action of soleus

Answer 8

plantarflexes ankle

Question 9

what is the secondary action of soleus

Answer 9

contraction compresses the deep veins of the leg for venous return

Question 10

what is important about plantaris

Answer 10

small superficial muscle belly gives rise to a long tendon

Question 11

what is the action of plantaris and is it a prime mover

Answer 11

plantarflexes ankle and flexes knee

not a prime mover

Question 12

what r the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of leg (4)

Answer 12

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

Question 13

what is the path and insertion of the deep posterior compartment muscles and what r they (3 muscles)

Answer 13

tendons travel posterior to medial malleolus to insert onto plantar surface of bones of feet
tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis and digitorum longus

Question 14

where does popliteus lie

Answer 14

popliteal fossa in back of knee joint

Question 15

what is the attachment and insertion of popliteus

Answer 15

attachment- tibia and femur

insertion- above soleul line

Question 16

attachment insertion and action of tibialis posterior

Answer 16

interosseus membrane, tibia and fibula
tendon attached to multiple bones in the foot
plantar flexes and inverts the foot

Question 17

insertion and action of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 17

inserts: distal plantar surface of big toe

flexes big toe and plantar flexes the foot

Question 18

insertion and action of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 18

insertion- distal phalanx of toes 2-5

action- flexion of digits and plantar flexes foot

Question 19

what does tom dick and very naughty harry stand for and what order do these structures travel

Answer 19

t= tibialis posterior
dick= flexor digitorum longus
and very naught= artery, vein, posterior tibial nerve
harry- flexor hallucis longus
medial to lateral

Question 19

what does tom dick and very naughty harry stand for and what order do these structures travel

Answer 19

t= tibialis posterior
dick= flexor digitorum longus
and very naught= artery, vein, posterior tibial nerve
harry- flexor hallucis longus
medial to lateral

Question 20

how many layers do the intrinsic muscles of the foot have

Answer 20

4

Question 21

what innervated the sole of the foot and its muscle and what is this a terminal branch of

Answer 21

medial and lateral plantar nerves

tibial nerve

Question 22

what re the 2 protective structure of hte foot

Answer 22

thick skin and subcutaneous tissue

plantar aponeurosis

Question 23

what do the intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot include (5)

Answer 23

lumbricals, interossei, toe flexors, adductor of big toe and abductors of the big and little toes

Question 24

what does the popliteal artery split into

Answer 24

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 25

what does the posterior tibial artery supply

Answer 25

posterior comp of leg and sole fo foot

Question 26

what does the posterior tibial artery give rise to and what does this supply

Answer 26

fibular artery | lateral compartment

Question 27

what does the posterior tibial artery bifurcate into and where does these two arteries supply

Answer 27

medial and lateral plantar arteries | supply sole of foot

Question 28

path of posterior tibila artery

Answer 28

travels posterior to medial malleolus with tendon of tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

Question 29

what forms the deep plantar arch (2)

Answer 29

lateral plantar artery and branch of dorsalis pedis

Question 30

what is the arterial supply to the forefoot and the toes

Answer 30

metatarsal and digitial arteries

Question 31

what does the popliteal vein form from

Answer 31

ant and post tibial and fibular veins

Question 32

how does the dorsal venous network of the foot drain (medially and laterally)

Answer 32

medially to great saphenous | lateral to small saphenous

Question 33

how does the small/ great saphenous veins drain

Answer 33

small saphenous enters popliteal vein in popliteal fossa great great saphenous vein meets femoral vein in femoral triangle

Question 34

what does the tibial nerve innervate (2)

Answer 34

1. posterior compartment of leg | 2. plantar surface of foot

Question 35

path of tibial nerve

Answer 35

travels posterior to medial malleolus with tendons of tibialis posterior, FHL, FDL

Question 36

divisions of tibial nerve and where does it divide

Answer 36

into posterior medial and lateral plantar nerve | in the sole of the foot

Question 37

what does the tibial nerve innervate in the foot and what is the exception

Answer 37

all of dorsum of foot except extensor digitorum brevis which is the deep peroneal nerve

Question 38

spinal nerve dermatomes (L1-S1)

Answer 38

``` L1 over inguinal ligament L2 upper anteiror thigh L3 medial aspect of knee L4 anteriomedial leg, first digit, L5 anterolateral leg, 2-4th digit S1 5th digit, medial side of foot ```

Question 39

peripheral skin innervation of femoral nerve

Answer 39

anterior thigh and anteromedial leg via saphenous

Question 40

peripheral skin innervation of obturator nerve

Answer 40

medial thigh

Question 41

peripheral skin innervation of tibial nerve

Answer 41

sole of foot

Question 42

peripheral skin innervation of superficial peroneal nerve

Answer 42

lower lateral leg | most of dorsal surface of foot

Question 43

peripheral skin innervation of deep peroneal nerve

Answer 43

1st interdigital cleft