External Pharynx Session 7

Question 1

what is the pharynx

Answer 1

muscular tube to the respiratory and alimentary tracts

Question 2

what r the openings of the pharynx

Answer 2

anterior: nasal and oral cavity
inferior: larynx and oesophagus

Question 3

what r the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 3

nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx

Question 4

what is the location of the nasopharynx

Answer 4

behind nasal cavity

Question 5

what is the location of the oropharynx

Answer 5

behind oral cavity

Question 6

what is the location of the hypopharynx

Answer 6

behind the larynx

Question 7

what r the three pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 7

superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles

Question 8

what r the attachments of the superior constrictor muscle

Answer 8

origin: medial pterigoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe

Question 9

what is the extent of the pterygomandibular raphe

Answer 9

extends from the medial pterygoid plate to mandible

Question 10

middle constrictor muscle origin

Answer 10

hyoid bone

Question 11

inferior constrictor muscle origin

Answer 11

thyroid cartilage (thyropharyngeus)
cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeus)

Question 12

characteristic of the inner aspects of the constrictor muscles what what does this do

Answer 12

lined by thick pharyngobasilar fascia

bridges gap between superior constrictor and base of skull

Question 13

what 3 things is the thick pharyngobasilar fascia attached to

Answer 13

pharyngeal tubercle, eustachian tube and medial pterygoid plate

Question 14

what is the pharyngeal plexus formed from

Answer 14

CN 10 and 11

Question 15

what is the weakest part of the pharyngeal wall, where is it located and what is it called

Answer 15

lower part of pharynx in midline, betweenthe diverging fibres of thyropharyngeal part of inferior constrictor, Kilian’s dehiscence

Question 16

what is the structure of the cervical sympathetic chain

Answer 16

three ganglia in the neck:

1. prominent superior cervical ganglia below skull
2. smaller middle cervical ganglion (can be absent)
3. larger inferior ganglion

Question 17

characteristic of inferior ganglion of cervical sympathetic chain

Answer 17

often fused with the first thoracic ganglion to form the stellate ganglion

Question 18

what is the stellate ganglion

Answer 18

fusion of first thoracic ganglion with the inferior ganglion

Question 19

what is the location of the stellate ganglion

Answer 19

nerves located in transverse process of level of 6th/ 7th vertebrae

Question 20

what is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of and what is its path

Answer 20

vagus
large branch that passes down from the top of the neck, travels medially, passes over the carotid arteries and disappears between the gap fo the inferior and middle constrictor muscle

Question 21

what r the branches of the superior laryngeal nerve

Answer 21

internal and external laryngeal nerve

Question 22

what is the internal laryngeal nerve and what does it supply

Answer 22

sensory nerve to larynx above vocal cords

Question 23

what does the external laryngeal nerve supply

Answer 23

cricothyroid muscle and cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor

Question 24

what is the carotid sinus and what is it innervated by

Answer 24

swelling at the origin of the common carotid artery

CN 9

Question 25

what 2 things does the tympanic branch of CN 9 supply

Answer 25

middle ear, eustachian tube

Question 26

what is the origin of stylopharyngeus

Answer 26

styloid process

Question 27

where can the hypoglossal nerve be found and what is its path

Answer 27

between the mandible and ICA | curves forwards and disappears into the tongue

Question 28

what is a pharyngeal pouch

Answer 28

high pressure of swallowing causes mucosa to bulge from Killian's dehiscence food builds up and decomposes in pouch= bad breath and issues swallowing

Question 29

function of carotid sinus and motor an sensory innervation innervation of the bp reflex

Answer 29

measures blood pressure | sensory signal= CN 9, motor signal= vagus to slow the heart rate

Question 30

significance of losing sensation of CN 9

Answer 30

during swallowing, cannot detect fluid passing into larynx= fluid enters lungs and cause infections

Question 31

what is the carotid sheath

Answer 31

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the vascular compartment of the neck

Question 32

contents of carotid sheath (5)

Answer 32

``` internal jugular vein common carotid artery bifurcation vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves cervical ganglion CN 7,9,10,11,12 ```

Question 33

what is the muscle that the glossopharyngeal nerve travels along in the neck

Answer 33

stylopharangeus