Thoracic Cage Session 2

Question 1

what 2 structures are in between adjacent ribs

Answer 1

1 external and 1 internal intercostal muscle

Question 2

what does the rib articulate with and what connects these (answer) together

Answer 2

costal cartilage

anterior intercostal membrane

Question 3

what is the direction of external intercostal msucles

Answer 3

down and in (same as external oblique)

Question 4

what is the direction of the internal intercostal muscles and what is their degree compared to the external intercostals

Answer 4

up and out

90 degrees to the external intercostals

Question 5

where do the intercostal nerves run compared to rib and the internal intercostal muscles

Answer 5

groove along inferior border of rib

deep to internal intercostal muscles

Question 6

what is the path of the internal mammary artery in relation to the costal cartilages and the thoracic wall

Answer 6

run down posterior to costal cartilages on inside of the thoracic wall

Question 7

what does the internal mammary artery supply (2)

Answer 7

thoracic wall and diaphragm

Question 8

what is on either side of the PLEURA

Answer 8

pleural cavities

Question 9

where is visceral pleura

Answer 9

on surface of lung

Question 10

where is parietal pleura

Answer 10

on inside of chest wall

Question 11

what two STRUCTURES is the pleural cavity between

Answer 11

lung and chest wall

Question 12

what is found at the lung hilum (4)

Answer 12

1 pulmonary artery
2 pulmonary veins
1 bronchus

Question 13

what deposits do the lungs have on them

Answer 13

carbon

Question 14

what is an impression on the lungs and on what side

Answer 14

cardiac impression/ notch= left side

Question 15

where can hilar lymph nodes be found

how can hilar lymph nodes by identified in lung specimens and why do they have this appearance

Answer 15

in area where bronchus enters the lungs

usually black due to carbon deposits on surface

Question 16

what artery supplies the walls of the bronchioles

Answer 16

Bronchial arteries

Question 17

what is the diaphragmatic surface of heart

Answer 17

inferior surface (back of heart)

Question 18

what is the costal surface of the heart

Answer 18

anterior surface

Question 19

what is the mediastinal surface of lung

Answer 19

showing hilum of lung

Question 20

where is the cervical pleura

Answer 20

apex of lungs

Question 21

where is the mediastinal pleura

Answer 21

whole mediastinal surface of lungs

Question 22

where is the diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 22

covering diaphragmic surface of lungs

Question 23

where is the costal pleura

Answer 23

covers costal surface/ anterior of lungs

Question 24

where is the costo-diaphragmatic recess and costomediastinal recesses

Answer 24

between the junction of costal and diaphragmatic pleura

between the junction of costal and mediastinal pleura

Question 25

what shape is the diaphragm and where does it extend to in the thoracic cage

Answer 25

dome-shaped, extends almost halfway up into thoracic cage

Question 26

what r the components of the diaphragm (2)

Answer 26

non-contracting central tendon | peripheral muscle fibres

Question 27

what is the motor and sensory supply of the diaphragm and what r its spinal nerve origins

Answer 27

phrenic nerve | C 3, 4, 5

Question 28

what does the contraction of the diaphragm do to the shape of the diaphragm and how does this change pressure in thoracic cavity

Answer 28

dome descends to become more flat | decreases pressure in thoracic cavity

Question 29

what r the 2 effects of contraction of the diaphragm

Answer 29

1. air drawn into lungs | 2. blood drawn from IVC into right atrium

Question 30

what is the main descent mechanism of breathing in an adult

Answer 30

diaphragmatic descent

Question 31

what r V/Q scans of lung for

Answer 31

measure V/Q to see issues with PERFUSION

Question 32

how is ventilation and perfusion measured in a V/Q scan

Answer 32

``` ventilation= radioactive gas breathed in perfucsion= radioactive substance attached to albumin and injected into blood ```

Question 33

what is the apex of the lung superior to (2 structures)

Answer 33

above the clavicle and first rib

Question 34

what does the medial border of the lung run along

Answer 34

right and left sternal edge

Question 35

what r the 3 points of the lower extent of the lungs (describe with rib positioning)

Answer 35

anterioly= 6th rib midaxillary line= 8th rib posteriorly= 10th rib

Question 36

what artery runs close to the left anterior descending

Answer 36

left internal mammary artery

Question 37

why r intercostal muscles constantly contracted

Answer 37

to prevent being sucked in/ blown out during inspiration/ expiration