Pelvic Organs and Female External Genitalia Session 27

Question 1

what is the uterus

Answer 1

hollow muscular organ

Question 2

what does the uterus communicate with

Answer 2

laterally uterine tubes

inferiorly vagina

Question 3

what r the divisions of the uterus

Answer 3

fundus, body and cervix

Question 4

what is anteflexed

Answer 4

position of the body of uterus

bent forward on the superior surface of the bladder

Question 5

what is anterverted

Answer 5

position of junction between body and cervix

tilted forwards

Question 6

what r the three layers of the wall of the uterus and what is their function

Answer 6

endometrium- uterine lining for implantation of blastocyte
myometrium- middle muscle layer
perimetrium- outer lining of peritoneum

Question 7

where is the pouch of douglas adn what is it lined by

why is it important

Answer 7

behind uterus in front of rectum
lined by peritoneum
deepest part of peritoneal cavity

Question 8

arterial supply of uterus and this arterys origin

Answer 8

uterine artery from internal iliac from common iliac from abdominal aorta

Question 9

what is the internal os and external os

Answer 9

internal os: communication of cervix and uterine cavity

external os: communication of cervix and vagina

Question 10

what is teh ectocervix

Answer 10

portion of cervix projecting into teh vagina

Question 11

what is the cervical canal

Answer 11

narrow lumen between two os

Question 12

what is the cervix’s position stabilised by (2)

Answer 12

levator ani and ligments

Question 13

what r vaginal fornices and how many r there

Answer 13

gap between edge of bottom of cervix and vagina

3- ant, pos and lateral

Question 14

blood supply of cervix

Answer 14

uterine artery

Question 15

where does the fallopian tube run

Answer 15

upper edge broad ligament

Question 16

divisions of fallopian tube (4) and description

Answer 16

fimbrae: finger like projections, capture ovum from ovary
infundibulum: funnel shaped
ampulla: dilated, widest section, fertilisation here
isthmus: narrow section

Question 17

function of fallopian tubes

Answer 17

carry ova from ovary to uterine cavity

Question 18

blood supply of fallopian tubes

Answer 18

from ovarian and uterin artery

Question 19

is the position of ovary fixed. where is it usually found

Answer 19

no

between internal and external iliac arteries

Question 20

arterial supply of ovary and origin

Answer 20

ovarian artery from abd aorta

Question 21

what holds the ovary in place

Answer 21

attached to posterior aspect of broad ligament by suspensory ligament of ovary (mesovarium)

Question 22

what is the function of vagina (2)

Answer 22

female organ of sexual intercourse

excretory duct of uterus

Question 23

what r the organs posterior (3) and anterior (2) to the vagina

Answer 23

anterior: bladder, urethra
posterior: pouch of douglas, rectum and anal canal

Question 24

arterial supply of vagina and origin of this

Answer 24

vaginal artery from internal iliac from common iliac from and aorta

Question 25

what structure does the vagina pass through and how does that split it up

Answer 25

pelvic floor upper 2/3= in pelvic cavity lower 1/3 in perineum

Question 26

what is the vulva

Answer 26

female external genitalia

Question 27

arterial supply of vulva and origin

Answer 27

internal pudendal, internal iliac

Question 28

innervation of erectile tissue

Answer 28

parasympathetic

Question 29

sympathetic innervation of vulva (4)

Answer 29

ilioinguinal genital branch of GF pudendal posterior cutaneous of thigh

Question 30

what is the mons pubis and what does it cause

Answer 30

mound of fatty tissue in front of pubic symphysis | causes elevation of hair bearing skin

Question 31

what is the labia majora and where does it join

Answer 31

hair bearing folds of skin | at mons pubis superiorly

Question 32

what is the clitoris, what is it made of and what happens to it during sexual arousal

Answer 32

sensitive tissue, corpora cavernosa adn corpus spongiosum | engorged during sexual arousal

Question 33

what is the vestibule and what 3 things does it contain

Answer 33

area between the labia majora | vaginal opening, urinary meatus and vestibualr glands

Question 34

what is the urinary meatus and what two structures is in between (female)

Answer 34

opening of urethra | clitorus and vagina

Question 35

what is the peritoneal classification of the bladder

Answer 35

infraperitoneal

Question 36

arterial amd venous supply of bladder and origin of this

Answer 36

vesical artery/ vein, internal illiac artery/ vein

Question 37

how much urine can the bladder hold

Answer 37

500ml in adult

Question 38

where is the bladder in relation to the peritoneum

Answer 38

below peritoneum

Question 39

what is the trigone and where is it

Answer 39

smooth-walled triangular area posterior aspect of bladder

Question 40

what is a rudimentry valve formed by and why is this needed

Answer 40

ureters entering trigone at an angle | reduces reflux of urine when bladder is full

Question 41

what is the function of the rugae in the bladder

Answer 41

for expansion

Question 42

what is the detrusor msucle and where is it and what does it do

Answer 42

specialsied smooth muscle in wall of bladder, contracts to forcibly expel urien

Question 43

tell me about IUS (where, muscle, control)

Answer 43

at base of bladder, opens into urethra smooth muscle involuntary

Question 44

tell me about EUS (where m/f, muscle, control)

Answer 44

males- after prostate, female= after deep perineal pouch skeletal voluntary

Question 45

somatic motor innervation (what and nerves)

Answer 45

EUS | pudendal S2-4

Question 46

sympathetic innervation (what and nerves)

Answer 46

hypogastric T12-L2 | relaxes detrusor, contracts IUS (urine storage)

Question 47

parasympathetic innervation (what and nerves)

Answer 47

contracts detrusor and relaxes IUS= micturition | pelvic splachnic S2-4

Question 48

explain the bladder stretch reflex arc

Answer 48

stretch of bladder wall= visceral afferent fibres to sacral plexus synapse directly onto motor neurones parasympathetic efferent for contraction

Question 49

spinal cord injury above sacral level 2 impacts and overall effect

Answer 49

1. ascending pathway interrupted (not aware of bladder stretch) 2. descneding pathway interrupted (EUS permanently relaxed) = bladder empties as it fills

Question 50

spinal cord injury at/below sacral plexus

Answer 50

afferent fibres cannot synpase with parasympathetic | relfex arc doesn't work= bladder fills with urine constantly and IUS is permanently contracted

Question 51

2 flexures of rectum and direction of curve

Answer 51

``` sacral flexure (ant) anorectal flexure (post) ```

Question 52

function of rectum

Answer 52

storage of faeces

Question 53

why sacral flexure

Answer 53

curves anteriorly to follow curvature of sacrum

Question 54

why anorectal flexure

Answer 54

curves posteriorly | puborectalis muscle pulls on it

Question 55

what is the anal canal in between

Answer 55

rectum and anus

Question 56

location of anal canal

Answer 56

in anal triangle of perineum

Question 57

what is the pectinate line and what does it mark

Answer 57

divides superior and inferior anal canal | transition of endoderm (hindgut) to ectoderm

Question 58

compare arterial supply above and below the pectinate line

Answer 58

``` above= superior rectal arteries, inferior mesenteric below= middle + inf rectal arteries, internal iliac ```

Question 59

compare venous drainage above and below the pectinate line

Answer 59

``` above= portal system to the liver below= to IVC, skips liver ```

Question 60

compare histology above and below the pectinate line

Answer 60

``` above= columnar below= stratified squamous ```

Question 61

compare nervous supply above and below the pectinate line

Answer 61

``` above= inferior hypogastric plexus (para and symp) below= pudendal (somatic motor) ```

Question 62

what encircles above and below pectinate line

Answer 62

``` above= internal anal sphincter below= external anal sphincter ```