antimetabolites Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is the general mechanism associated with antimetabolites ?
all are s phase specific except cladribine
they block formation of components of DNA
what is cladribine used to treat ?
hairy cell leukemia
what are the anti metaboites ?
5FU
hydroxyurea
methotrexate
caldribiine
thiopurine - 6MP Azathioprine
cytarabine
what is the common side effect associated with the antib=metabolites ?
all associated with myelosuppression
absolute neutrophil count
what is the mechanism of thiopurines ?
they are purine analogues
azathioprine is converted to 6MP by HGPRT
what is 6MP inactivated by ?
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
there is increased toxicity with allopurinol and febuxostat
what is the type of nemia associated with the antimetabolite drugs ?
megaloblastic anemia
what is the MOA of cytarabine ?
pyrimidine analogue , it inhibits DNA polymerase and allows for DNA chain termination
what are the uses of cytarabine ?
only effective in leukemias and lymphomas
what is the MOA of cladribine and what is it mainly used for ?
purine analogue mainly used for hair cell leukemia , unable to process ADA and interfers with DNA synthesis
what is the MOA of methotrexate ?
folic acid analogue and competitvley inhibits dihydrofolate reductase , blocks thymidine synthesis
what is different about the myelosuppression associated with methotrexate ?
can be reversed using leucovorin
what are non cancer uses of methotrexate ?
ectopic pregnancy
what are the other side effects of methotrexate ?
mucositis
methotrexate induced lung injury - HS reaction
what is the MOA of 5 FU ?
pyrimidine analogue
inhibits thymidlate synthase
what is the prodrug of 5 FU?
capecitabine
what is the effect of leucovorin on 5FU ?
effect is enhabced with leucovorin
what is the most common use of 5FU ?
usually colon cancers
topic cream for basal skin cancer
what other complication is associated with 5 FU ?
hand foot disease
what is the MOA of hydroxyurea ?>
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
what is the main use of hydroxyurea ?
used for myeloproliferative disorders
sickle cell disease ( increases the levels of HbF)
