other anemias

Question 1

what is a deficiency of EPO associated with ?

Answer 1

normocytic anemia

Question 2

what is the cause of aplastic anemia ?

Answer 2

associated of loss of hematopoeitic precursors kolohom - this results in pancytopenia

Question 3

what are the hallmarks associated with aplastic anemia ?

Answer 3

associated with pancytopenia
acellular or hypocellular bone marrow

Question 4

what is seen on biopsy of aplastic anemia ?

Answer 4

absence of cells or replacement with fat cells

Question 5

what are the symptoms of aplastic anemia ?

Answer 5

pancytopenia
anemia
thrombocytopenia
leukopenia

Question 6

what is the inherited cause of aplastic anemia ?

Answer 6

fanconis anemia

Question 7

what is the mechanism behind idiopathic aplastic anemia ?

Answer 7

immune mediated mechanism
t cell mediated destruction of stem cells

Question 8

what is the treatment for aplastic anemia ?

Answer 8

can be treated with antithymocyte globulin
cyclosporine

Question 9

what chemicals are associated with causing aplastic anemia ?

Answer 9

benzene

Question 10

what drugs are associated with causing aplastic anemia ?

Answer 10

chloramphenicol
methimazole and PTU

Question 11

what are the viruses associated with causing aplastic anemia ?

Answer 11

parvovirus B19
acute viral hepatitis

Question 12

what is the presentation associated with fanconis anemia ?

Answer 12

inherited aplastic anemia
short stature
cafe au lait spots
malformed thumbs

Question 13

what is the mechanism associated with fanconis anemia ?

Answer 13

defective DNA repair
genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML

Question 14

what is the key association of red cell aplasia ?

Answer 14

thymoma where there is an absence of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow

Question 15

what is the main problem associated with megaloblastic anemia ?

Answer 15

red blood cell precursors grow bu they cannot divide , results in abnormal DNA synthesis

Question 16

what are the lab findings associated with megaloblastic anemia ?

Answer 16

anemia
large RBCs
hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 17

what is the pathology associated with heyes syndrome ?

Answer 17

deficiency in the VWF

Question 18

what are the different causes of megaloblastic anemia ?

Answer 18

folate deficiency
B12
orotic aciduria
hydroxyurea
phenytoin
sulfa drugs

Question 19

what are the symptoms and findings associated with folate deficiency ?

Answer 19

increased homocysteine levels
normal methymalonic acid
no neurological symptoms

Question 20

what are the causes associated with folate deficiency ?

Answer 20

chronic alcohol use , malabsorption drugs

Question 21

what are the main causes of vitamin b12 deficiency ?

Answer 21

mostly associated with pernicious anemia
malabsorption like with crohns disease

Question 22

what tapeworm is associated with vitamin b12 defeceincy ?

Answer 22

diphyllobothrium latum ( fish tapworm)

Question 23

what test is used to differentiate between dietary insufficiency and malabsorption of B12?

Answer 23

schilling test

Question 24

how long does anemia secondary to insufficient take of vitamin b12 take ?

Answer 24

may take years to develop

Question 25

what is the effect of giving folate in vitamin b12 deficiency ?

Answer 25

will improve the anemia but worsen the neurological symptoms

Question 26

what are the neurological symptoms associated with vitamin b12 deficiency ?

Answer 26

reversible dementia subacute combined degenration

Question 27

what is the problem with orotic aciduria ?

Answer 27

causes megaloblastic anemia due to inability to convert UMP due to defect in UMP synthase

Question 28

what is the presentation of orotic aciduria ?

Answer 28

present in children as failure to thrive , developmental delay and megaloblastic anemia refractory to folate and b12 treatment

Question 29

how can we differentiate between orotic aciduria and ornithine deficiency ?

Answer 29

increased orotic acid levels with no hyperammonemia in orotic aciduria

Question 30

what is non megaloblastic macrocytic anemia ?

Answer 30

macrocytic anemia with normal DNA synthesis , no hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 31

what are the causes associated with nonmegaloblastic anemia ?

Answer 31

chronic alcohol use and liver disease

Question 32

what is a cause of non megaloblastic macrocytic anemia ?

Answer 32

diamond blackfan anemia , a congenital form of red cell aplasia

Question 33

what is the difference between diamond blackfan anemia and fanconis anemia ?

Answer 33

fanconis is associated with pancytopenia whilst the other is due to pure red cell aplasia

Question 34

what is the pathology associated with diamond blackfan anemia ?

Answer 34

happens in the first year of life due to intrinsic defect in erythroid progenitor cells

Question 35

levels of which type of HB is raised in diamond blackfan anemia ?

Answer 35

increased HbF

Question 36

what is the distinctive presentation associated with diamond blackfan anemia ?

Answer 36

tripharyngeal thumb

Question 37

what are the features of anemia of chronic disease ?

Answer 37

everything is low except ferritin

Question 38

what is the actual pathology associated with aplastic anemia ?

Answer 38

failure of destruction of hematopoeitic cells