Antiparasitics

Question 1

Parasitiasis

Answer 1

harbors parasite but no clinical signal

Question 2

Parasitosis

Answer 2

shows clinical signs

Question 3

Ectoparasites

Answer 3

infestations

-outside of body

Question 4

Endoparasites

Answer 4

infections

-inside the body

Question 5

Helminths

Answer 5

• Neamtodes

- Platyhelminths (cestodes-tapeworms, trematodes-flukes)

Question 6

Is a protozoa a helminth?

Answer 6

no

Question 7

Routes of infection

Answer 7

1. Infective larvae penetrate skin.
2. Infective larvae enter host transplacentally
3. Host ingests infective larvae in food, colostrum, or milk

Question 8

Antinematodal Drugs

Answer 8

Benzimidazoles:
Side Effects: vomit and diarrhea
Dosage Forms:
-Fenbendazole (Panacur)
-Albendazole (Valbazen)

Organophosphates:
inactivate acetylcholinesterase--> paralyze parasites
Toxic Side Effects: SLUDGE
Antidote: Atropine or 2-PAM
Dosage Forms:
-Trichlorfon (Combot, Equibot TC)
-Coumaphos
-Dichlorvos (Task)
-------------------------------------------

-Pyrantel (Nemex, Strongid T)
-Febantel
-Piperazines (combined with other dewormers) OTC
————————————–
-Macrocyclic lactones (macrolides)
-Avermectins and Milbemycins
-Side effects: mydriasis, tremors, ataxia,
depression

Dosage forms:

• Ivermectin (Heartguard Plus, Iverheart Plus, Ivomec)- collies sensitive
• Moxidectin (ProHeart, Advantage Multi)
• Selamectin (Revolution) – safe for collies
• Milbemycin (Interceptor, Sentinel)

Question 9

what is SLUDGE

Answer 9

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, Emesis

Question 10

Heartworm Disease

Answer 10

Dirofilaria immitis

-treatment consisting of adulticide (patent and occult infection) and microfilaricide (if patent)

Occult: only adults
Patent: offspring

Question 11

Heartworm Adulticide

Answer 11

Dosage Form:

-Melarsomine Dihydrochloride(Immiticide)

Question 12

Hearworm Microfilariacide

Answer 12

Given 4-6 weeks post adulticide in patent infections

• kills microfilaria
• Ivermectin and Milbemycin are off label

Question 13

Hearworm Preventatives

Answer 13

Dosage forms:

• Ivermectin (Heartgard, Heartgard Plus)
• Milbemycin (Interceptor, Sentinel)
• Moxidectin (ProHeart)
• Selamectin (Revolution)
• Imidacloprid + moxidectin (Advantage multi)

Question 14

Cestodes

Answer 14

Tapeworms

Question 15

Anticestodals

Answer 15

treats tapeworms

Dosage forms:
-Praziquantel (Droncit®)
-Epsiprantel (Cestex®)
-Emodepside/praziquantel (Profender®)
     -Topical soln. for treatment and control of 
      hookworms, roundworms, and 
      tapeworms in cats > 8 weeks

Question 16

Trematodes

Answer 16

Flukes

Question 17

Antitrematodals

Answer 17

• Praziquantel

- Albendazole

Question 18

Protozoans

Answer 18

Single celled organisms

-Coccidia, Giardia

Question 19

Anti protozoals

Answer 19

Sulfadimethoxine (Albon ® )
Coccidia in puppies and kittens

Fenbendazole(Panacur ®)
Giardia

Metronidazole (Flagyl ®)
Giardia in dogs and cats

Question 20

Ectoparasites

Answer 20

all topical paraciticides are regulated by the EPA
dips, sprays, parenteral, spot-ons, tablets, liquids

-Organophosphates
-Macrolides
-Pyrethrins
-Extracted from chrysanthemum flowers
-Safe for most mammals
-Common in sprays, shampoos
-Pyrethroids
-Synthetic ‘pyrethrins’
Dosage form:
-Permethrin
-Careful with cats

Question 21

Monthly Products

Answer 21

-Frontline: (Fipronil)fleas up to 3 months, ticks 1
-Metaflumizone: (Promeris) blocks neuron sodium channels. For cats
-Metaflumizone + Amitraz (Promeris Duo) for puppies
-Imidacloprid (Advantage®)
-Imidacloprid + pyriproxyfen (Advantage II)
-Flea control plus IGR
-Canine and feline dosage forms
-Imidacloprid + moxidectin (Advantage Multi ®)
-Flea, heartworm, intestinal parasite
control
-Canine and feline dosage forms
-Imidacloprid + permethrin (K9 Advantix)
-Flea & tick control
-Dogs only
-Lufeneron (Program®, Sentinel®)
-Oral tablet
-Spinosad (Comfortis®)
-Oral tablet
-Nitempyram (Capstar ®)
-Oral tabs for puppies and kittens > 4
weeks
-Kills adult fleas
-Starts working within 30 minutes
-Safe dogs, cats, pregnant and lactating

Question 22

Amitraz(Mitaban, Preventic)

Answer 22

treatment for demodicosis caused by Demodex canis