Chapter 9 Review Questions

Question 1

Describe the relationship between hormonal releasing facts, trophic hormones, and the hormones produced by specific tissues or glands.

Answer 1

Releasing factors (RFs) are messengers made by
the hypothalamus in response to its detection
of hormone levels in the blood. RFs send
messages to the pituitary to stimulate this
gland to manufacture trophic hormones.
Trophic hormones, in turn, stimulate a specific
tissue or gland to produce the hormone in
question

Question 2

List the major endocrine glands.

Answer 2

pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, testicles, the adrenals, and the pancreas

Question 3

What are the reasons for using hormonal therapy in veterinary medicine?

Answer 3

To correct a deficiency and to obtain a desired effect

Question 4

Endogenous hormones are those that are produced ___ whereas exogenous hormones come from __ sources.

Answer 4

in the body; external

Question 5

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 5

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the
brain ventral to the hypothalamus, and its
primary function is to control the activity of
the other endocrine glands.

Question 6

Describe the difference between a negative and a positive feedback control mechanism in the endocrine system

Answer 6

A negative feedback mechanism occurs when
the hypothalamus senses a high level of a
specific hormone in the blood and in response
reduces the amount of releasing factor (RF)
for this hormone. A reduced amount of
RF causes a decreased amount of trophic
hormone to be produced by the pituitary;
this results in decreased production of the
hormone by the target organ. A positive
feedback mechanism occurs when the
hypothalamus senses a low level of the
hormone in question and increases its
production of RF. Increased RF causes
an increase in trophic hormone and a
resultant increase in activity of the target
organ.

Question 7

The release of oxytocin by the posterior pituitary is controlled through the __ mechanism

Answer 7

Neurohormonal reflex

Question 8

GnRH is classified as a/an

Answer 8

Gonadotropin

Question 9

Hormonal products with “gest” in their name are classified as______

Answer 9

Progestins

Question 10

List 3 potential uses of the prostaglandins in veterinary medicine.

Answer 10

Estrus synchronization, induction of absorption, and induction of estrus

Question 11

Human skin contact or injection with prostaglandins can be a serious health risk to ___ women and individuals with_____.

Answer 11

Pregnant; asthma

Question 12

Before oxytocin can exert its effects on the uterus, the uterus must first be primed by ____ and _____.

Answer 12

estrogen and progesterone

Question 13

What precautions should be taken before oxytocin is administered?

Answer 13

The reproductive tract should be examined for blockage or torsion, and it should be verified that the cervix has dilated.

Question 14

What 2 active hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

Answer 14

Triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine

T4

Question 15

List 2 drugs used in the treatment of hypothyroidism

Answer 15

soloxine, and synthroid

Question 16

List the 3 major classes of insulin

Answer 16

Short-acting (regular/lispro/aspart),

intermediate-acting (NPH

Question 17

Which form of insulin must be resuspended before administration?

Answer 17

Regular

Question 18

Which form(s) of insulin is used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 18

NPH/PZI/Lente

Question 19

What are some signs of insulin overdose?

Answer 19

Weakness, ataxia, shaking, and seizures

Question 20

Growth promoters generally should not be used in animals intended for ___

Answer 20

Breeding purposes

Question 21

Why are anabolic steroids classified as controlled substances?

Answer 21

because of the potential for abuse by human athletes

Question 22

Which insulin product should be shaken thoroughly prior to use?

Answer 22

Vetsulin

Question 23

What precautions should be taken by pregnant women when Regu-Mate is administered?

Answer 23

Wear gloves and or avoid getting the drug on the skin

Question 24

Why was synthetic DES banned from use in food-producing animals?

Answer 24

residues of DES were shown to have a likely link to cervical cancer in women.

Question 25

Prostaglandin causes lysis of the ___ at the end of pregnancy or at the end of diestrus if pregnancy does not occur.

Answer 25

Corpus Luteum

Question 26

Endometrium lines the ____

Answer 26

uterus

Question 27

A _____ hormone is one that results in the production of a second hormone within a target gland.

Answer 27

trophic

Question 28

GnRH is produced in the ____

Answer 28

hypothalamus

Question 29

Gonadotropin drugs:

Answer 29

Cystorelin, Factrel, Fertagyl

Question 30

Androgens are female sex hormones produced in the ovaries, adrenal cortex, and testicles T/F

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Prostaglandins are a group of naturally occurring, long-chain fatty acids that mediate various physiologic events in the body. T/F

Answer 31

true

Question 32

____ causes uterine contractions.

Answer 32

oxytocin

Question 33

Corticosteriods are produced by the ____

Answer 33

adrenal cortex

Question 34

Pheromones are ___ released by an animal that influence the behavior of other animals of the same species.

Answer 34

odors

Question 35

Levothyroxine is used in the treatment of _____ in all species.

Answer 35

hypothyroidism

Question 36

Cushing’s syndrome is caused by an excess of circulating ____

Answer 36

cortisol

Question 37

Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs may by treated with _____

Answer 37

Lysodren or Vetoryl

Question 38

U-40 syringes have a/an ___ top.

Answer 38

red

Question 39

Insulin should be frozen to prolong its effectiveness. T/F

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Two veterinary-approved insulin products include:

Answer 40

Vetsulin and ProZinc