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Pharmacology > Chapter 8 review questions > Flashcards

Chapter 8 review questions Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 general functions of the GI tract

A

Entry of food and fluid into the body, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste products

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2
Q

List 3 examples of monogastric animals.

A

Dogs, cats, primates

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3
Q

What is the GI configuration of ruminant animals?

A

Ruminants have a system of forestomachs, including the reticulum, rumen, and omasum, which allows them to digest coarse plant material, as well as a true stomach (abomasum)

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4
Q

What is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?

A

Regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants that permits them to bring up partially digested foodstuff for rechewing. Vomiting is the forcible expulsion of gastic contents and is generally considered to be pathologic.

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5
Q

Ruminants are animals that use ____ to digest coarse plant material.

A

Mircoorganisms in the rumen

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6
Q

What are the 3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?

A

The autonomic nervous system, hormonal control, and chemical control(ex: histamine, prostaglandin, and others)

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7
Q

What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?

A

Bacterial endotoxins may increase the permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. They also may induce fever and initiate shock.

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8
Q

The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by _______.

A

Chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, and others) and impulses from the inner ear.

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9
Q

List 2 examples of centrally acting emetics and 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics.

A

Centrally Acting:
-apomorphine and xylazine

Peripherally Acting:
-syrup of ipecac and mustard

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10
Q

Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called

A

Antiemetics

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11
Q

H2 receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by _____

A

Reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells

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12
Q

List two H2 receptor Antagonists.

A

Cimetidine and ranitidine

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13
Q

What are the two types of intestinal motility patterns?

A

Peristalsis (a wave of contraction) and segmentation (a mixing action)

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14
Q

Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as ___

A

withholding of food for 12 to 24 hours

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15
Q

List two species that do not vomit

A

rats and horses

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives?

A

by retaining water osmotically in the gut, these agents cause softening of the stool.

17
Q

What is the active ingredient of Metamucil?

A

Pysllium

18
Q

Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?

A

by mimicking the effect of acetylcholine

19
Q

A synthetic antibiotic/antiinflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anaerobic bacterial infection in animals is called ____

A

Metronidazole

20
Q

List 4 products used as dentifrice/oral cleansing agents.

A

C.E.T., Nolvadent, Oral Dent, and oxydent

21
Q

What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?

A

Peristalsis refers to a wave of contraction that moves contents along, and segmentation refers to intestinal constrictions that mix contents.

22
Q

Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases intestinal motility. T/F

A

False

23
Q

About what percent of the stomachs contents do emetics usually remove?

A

80%

24
Q

How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers?

A

By forming a pastelike barrier over the surface of gastric ulcers

25
Q

Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species?

A

Felines

26
Q

Basic functions of the GI tract:

A

intake of food and fluid nto the body, absorption of nutrients and fluid, excretion of waste products

27
Q

What species has no gallbladder?

A

equines

28
Q

Ruminants remasticate food to facilitate the digestion process. T/F

A

True

29
Q

The crop in birds is used for _____

A

Food storage

30
Q

Parts of the small intestine:

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

31
Q

____ is an emetic.

A

Apomorphine

32
Q

Cimetidine is ____

A

H2 receptor antagonist

33
Q

_____ are substances that loosen bowel contents and encourage their evacuation.

A

Laxatives

34
Q

Mg sulfate is found in ____

A

Epsom Salts

35
Q

Viokase-V powder is ___

A

digestive enzyme, and approved for use in dogs and cats

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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