ANXIETY AND MOOD Flashcards
(44 cards)
Whats the two types of anxiety disorder and explain it ?
Fear - emotional response to real or perceived immenient threats
Anxiety - anticipation of future threats
Describe anxiety disorders persistence?
- Persistent (typically lasting 6 months or more) rather
than short-term fear or anxiety, - Excessive (i.e., overestimation of the danger,
unrealistic, out of proportion), - Affects everyday functioning and cannot be controlled
What is anxiety disorder?
• Excessive worry and anxiety (challenging to control)
• Often have an early onset - teens or early twenties
• Many develop in childhood and tend to persist
• Most occur more frequently in girls than in boys
(approx. 2:1 ratio)
• Diagnosed only when the symptoms are not
attributable to the physiological effects of a
substance/medication or to another medical
condition
• High comorbidity and specificity
Whats teh symptoms of anxiety disorder?
• Somatic/physical (e.g., poor sleep, goosebumps,
tense muscles/muscle aches, increased heart rate,
accelerated or deepened respiration, dilated pupils,
decreased salivation)
• Affective/emotional (e.g., irritability, sense of
dread, terror, restlessness)
• Cognitive (e.g., poor concentration, anticipation of
harm, exaggeration of danger, hypervigilance)
• Behavioural (e.g., escape, avoidance, aggression,
freezing
Define specific phobias?
Fearful or anxious about or avoidant of specifc objects or situations like animals, natural environment and situational
Whats social anxiety disorder?
Fearful, anxious avoidant of social interactions and situations that involve the possibility of being scrutinised
Whats generalised anxiety disorder?
Persistent and excessive anxiety and worry about various domains, including work and school performance
Whats panic disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks (i.e., intense fear
and/or discomfort)
Persistently concerned or worried about having
more panic attacks
Maladaptive behavioural changes because of the
panic attacks (e.g., avoidance of exercise or of
unfamiliar locations)
How many young adults have occasional panic attacks, especially during times of intense stress?
40%
What is a panic disorder?
Frequent occurrence and worry about having attacks
How many first degree-relatives have Panic disorder?
10%
Whats neurotransmitters?
- norepinephrine?
Poorly regulated especially in the brain stem, serotonin, gamma-aminobuytric and cholecytokinin also implicated
Whats the cognitive model?
- close attention to bodily sensations; 2. misinterpret bodily sensations in a negative way; 3. engage in snowballing catastrophic thinking,
exaggerating their symptoms and the consequences of the symptoms,
In panic disorder what did you brain misinterpret the situation?
Your brain thinks its a life or death scenario and acts accordingly, releasing buckets of adrenaline into your body
Whats the fight or flight reflex?
This adrenaline creates those feelings of intense fear, making your sweat, increasing you heart-rate, causing palpitations, nausea and excess energy or jitters
Whats the snowball effect?
As you relive, emotionally, that you’ve begun to lose contol of your body your stress levels increase, worsening the situation. You may start to feel detached from yourself or the situation, choking, difficulty breathing and intense fear of going crazy
Whats the blood flow Change?
During panic attack, your brain redirects blood flow from your extremeites into your vital organs. This creates feelings of dizziness and sometimes numbness or pins and needles in you hand and feet
Whats the your amygdala flips out?
Scientists have found that during a panic attack you area of brain responsible for emotional regulation the amygdala lights up like a firework
Whats the you’re nervous system gets a message?
As you start to come down from the attack, your nervous sytem all through your body light up, sending signals to you parasympathetic system.
What happens int he anxiety cycle?
Your parasympathetic system then kicks into gear and starts to slow your heart rate as the adrenaline finally runs its purse and finally everything goes back to normal
Whats the interventions in panic disorder?
Cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT): identifying and challenging irrational thoughts and beliefs that contribute to panic attacks,
• Cognitive restructuring (identifying and challenging negative thought patterns); exposure therapy (gradual exposure to feared situations or sensations to reduce anxiety); relaxation techniques (e.g., breathing and
progressive muscle relaxation
Whast the medication interventions in panic disorder?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-
norepinephrine reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), benzodiazepines
• Mindfulness-based interventions
• Virtual reality therapy
Whats the brain stimulation?
- deep brain stimulation
- vagal nerve stimulation
- trans cranial magnetic stimulation
- optogenetics
Whats the psychotherapy interventions?
- cognitive therapy
- behavioural therapy
- extinction -based methods
- mindfulness methods
- emotions regulation methods
