Appendicular Skeleton and Joints Flashcards
(256 cards)
1
Q
a
A
head of the humerus (proximal and medial)
2
Q
b
A
greater tubercle of the humerus (antelateral and proximal)
3
Q
c
A
lesser tubercle of the humerus (completely anterior)
4
Q
d
A
intertubercular groove of the humerus
5
Q
e
A
surgical neck of the humerous
6
Q
a
A
deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (anterior in the middle of bone)
7
Q
a
A
capitulum of right humerus (antelateral distal)
8
Q
b
A
trochlea of right humerus (antemedial distal)
9
Q
c
A
medial epicondyle of right humerus (medial distal)
10
Q
d
A
coronoid fossa of right humerus (proximal to trochlea)
11
Q
e
A
radial fossa of right humerus (proximal to capitulum)
12
Q
a
A
lateral epicondyle of humerus (smaller bump seen from the posterior)
13
Q
b
A
olecrannon fossa of humerus (posterior and distal)
14
Q
c
A
radial groove of humerus (seen from posterior)
15
Q
a
A
head of the radius (proximal)
16
Q
b
A
radial tuberosity of the radius (antemedial proximal side)
17
Q
c
A
styloid process of the radius (lateral distal, points towards the thumb)
18
Q
d
A
ulnar notch of the radius (distal medial)
19
Q
a
A
trochlear notch of the ulna
20
Q
b
A
olecranon process of the ulna
21
Q
c
A
coronoid process of the ulna
22
Q
d
A
ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
23
Q
e
A
styloid process of the ulna (points towards pinky and makes this a left ulna)
24
Q
c
A
head of the ulna
25
a
radial notch of the ulna (shows left ulna)
26
b
ulnar tuberosity of the ulna
27
id appendage
right hand
28
a
scaphoid/ navicular of the carpal bones
29
b
lunate of the carpal bones
30
c
triquetrium of the carpal bones
31
d
trapezium of the carpal bones
32
e
trapezoid of the carpal bones
33
f
capitate of the carpals
34
g
hamate of the carpals
35
a
pisiform of the carpal bones
36
b
metacarpal i
37
C
metacarpal ii
38
d
metacarpal iii
39
e
metacarpal iv
40
f
metacarpal v
41
a
proximal phalanx of the first digit/ pollex
42
b
distal phalanx of the first digit/ pollex
43
c
proxiaml phalanx of the fifth digit
44
d
middle phalanx of the fifth digit
45
e
distal phalanx of the fifth digit
46
a
head of the femur (proximal and medial)
47
b
fovea capitis of the femur
48
c
neck of the femur
49
d
greater trochanter of the femur (lateral)
50
e
lesser trochanter of the femur (medial)
51
f
linea aspera (posterior and shows that this is a right femur)
52
g
lateral condyle of the femur (posterior)
53
h
medial condyle of the femur (posterior)
54
i
medial epicondyle of the femur (mostly medial)
55
a
lateral epicondyle of the femur (larger and only see posterior)
56
b
patellar surface of the femur
57
a
gluteal tuberosity of the femur (posterior)
58
b
intertrochanter crest of the femur
59
c
pectineal line of the femur
60
a
base of the patella
61
b
apex of the patella (distal)
62
c
lateral articular facet of the patella
63
d
medial articular facet of the patella
64
a
medial condyle of the tibia (proximal)
65
b
lateral condyle of the tibia
66
c
tibial tuberosity (proximal anterior)
67
d
anterior crest of the tibia (anterior)
68
e
medial malleoulus (makes this a left tibia)
69
a
head of the fibula
70
b
lateral malleolus of the fibula (makes this a left fibula)
71
a
talus of the tarsal bones
72
b
calcaneus of the tarsal bones
73
c
navicular of the tarsal bones
74
d
cuboid of the tarsal bones
75
e
lateral (3rd) cuneiform of the tarsal bones
76
f
intermediate (2nd) cuneiform of the tarsal bones
77
g
medial (1st) cuneiform of the tarsal bones
78
a
metatarsal i
79
b
metatarsal ii
80
c
metatarsal iii
81
d
metatarsal iv
82
e
metatarsal v
83
a
proximal phalanx of the first digit (hallux
84
b
distal phalanx of the first digit (hallux)
85
c
proximal phalanx of the fifth digit
86
d
middle phalanx of the fifth digit
87
e
distal phalanx of the fifth digit
88
joints with no joint cavity
fibrous joints
89
types of fibrous joints
sutures, syndesmoses, and interosseous membranes
90
wavy interlocking bone held together by short fibrous tissue found in the skull
sutures
91
joints held together by ligaments
syndesmoses
92
examples of syndesmoses
gomphosis and distal tibiofibular joint
93
substantial sheets of dense connective tissue binding neighboring long bones together. determines range of motion and alternate sites for muscles. permits slight movement
interosseous membranes
94
examples of interosseous membranes
between the radius and ulna; tibia and fibula
95
joints joined by cartilage that are immovable to slightly movable
cartilaginous joints
96
types of cartilaginous joints
synchondroses, symphyses, and epiphyseal plates
97
hyaline cartilage on bone surface joins to another bone's surface at a joint
synchondroses
98
the attachment of the first costal cartilage to the manubrium of the sternum is an example of
synchondroses
99
fibrocartilage joins bones that are covered in hyaline cartilage
symphyses
100
examples of symphyses
intervertebral disks and pubic symphyses
101
the epiphyseal plate is a specialized type of
synchondroses
102
temporary hyaline cartilage plate found in long bones connecting the diaphyses and epiphyses that allows for bone growth
epiphyseal plate
103
most movable type of joint that contains a cavity filled with synovial fluid
synovial joint
104
types of synovial joints
plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, condyloid joints, saddle joints, and ball-and-socket joints
105
what is the relationship between stability and movability when it comes to joints?
inverse relationship
106
flat or slightly curved bones slide back and forth or side to side; usually biaxial but could be triaxial
plane joints
107
examples of plane joints
intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, acromioclavicular joint, sternocostal, and vertebrocostal
108
convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another to allow uniaxial flexion and extension
hinge joint
109
examples of hinge joints
humeroulnar/olecranal joint, tibiofemoral (modified), ankle joint, and interphalangeal joints
110
rounded/ pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partially by a ligament and partially by another bone that allows rotation around a longitudinal axis
pivot joint
111
examples of pivot joint
atloaxial joint and radioulnar joint
112
the convex/ oval shaped projection of one bone fits in an oval-shaped depression of another to allow flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and limited circumlocution (biaxial)
condyloid joints
113
examples of condyloid joints
radiocarpal joints (wrist) and metacarpophylangeal joints
114
articular surface of one bone fits in a saddle-shaped depression of another to provide flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction/ and limited circumduction (biaxial)
saddle joints
115
example of saddle joints
carpometacarpal joint (between trapezium and 1st metacarpal) and the sternoclavicular joint
116
ball-like surface fits in the cup-like depression of another bone to made the most movable triaxial joint (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation)
ball-and-socket joint
117
examples of ball-and-socket joints
glenohumeral joints and coxal joints
118
immovable joints
synarthrosis
119
examples of synarthroses
sutures, epiphyseal plates, and synchondroses
120
slightly movable joints
amphiarthrosis
121
examples of amphiarthroses
interosseous membranes, symphyses, syndesmoses
122
freely-movable joints
diarthroses
123
examples of diarthroses
synovial joints
124
uniaxial joint examples
pivot and hinge joints
125
biaxial joint examples
plane, condyloid, and saddle joints
126
triaxial joint examples
ball-and-socket joints
127
example of gliding movement
waving of the hands
128
angular movement examples
flexion and extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction and adduction, circumvention
129
decreasing in angle
flexion
130
increasing in angle
extension
131
flexing in the frontal plane
lateral flexion
132
examples of lateral flexion
thumb movement or bending sideways
133
extending beyond anatomical position
hyperextension
134
what plane does abduction and adduction occur in?
the frontal plane
135
moving away from the midline
abduction
136
moving towards the midline
adduction
137
movement of a distal part of a bone in a circle
circumvention
138
bone revolves around a single longitudinal axis
rotation
139
movement that only describe the jaw or shoulder
elevation/ depression and protraction/ retraction
140
lifting up (shoulder or jaw)
elevation
141
dropping back down( of shoulder/ jaw)
depression
142
pushing forward
protraction
143
pushing back to return to anatomical position
retraction
144
turning the soles of your feet medially
inversion
145
turning the sole of your feet laterally
eversion
146
pointing toes up
dorsiflexion
147
pointing toes down
plantarflexion
148
having palms out anteriorly
supination
149
pointing palms posteriorly
pronation
150
thumbs touching the tips of opposing fingers
oppostion
151
id joint
glenohumeral joint
152
what type of joint is glenohumeral structurally?
ball and socket synovial joint
153
what type of joint is glenohumeral functionally?
triaxial diarthrotic joint
154
a
coracoacromial ligament
155
b
acromioclavicular ligament
156
c
coracohumeral ligament
157
a
coracoacromial ligamnet
158
b
coracohumeral ligament
159
c
articular capsule/ glenohumeral ligament
160
d
trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments
161
e
conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments
162
a
trapezoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments
163
b
conoid ligament of the coracoclavicular ligaments
164
c
tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii passing through the intertubercular groove
165
a
acromioclavicular ligament
166
b
coracoacromial ligament
167
c
transverse humeral ligament
168
white
glenohumeral ligaments
169
a
acromion of the scapula
170
b
humerus
171
c
clavicle
172
d
coracoid process of the scapula
173
a
acromioclavicular ligament
174
b
coracoacromial ligament
175
c
coracohumeral ligament
176
d
glenoidal labrum
177
function of the coracoacromial ligament
supports the superior surface of the capsule
178
function of the acromioclavicular ligament
restricts clavicular movement at the acromial end
179
function of the coracoclavicular ligaments
helps limit the relative movement between the clavicle and the scapula
180
a
ulnar collateral ligament
181
a
radial collateral ligament
182
b
annular ligament
183
a
ulna
184
b
humerus
185
c
radius
186
a
lateral/fibular collateral ligament
187
id joint
tibiofibemoral joint
188
b
anterior cruciate ligament
189
c
medial/tibial collateral ligament
190
a
lateral meniscus
191
b
medial meniscus
192
c
patellar ligament
193
a
posterior cruciate ligament
194
b
medial/tibial collateral ligament
195
c
lateral/fibular collateral ligament
196
a
medial meniscus
197
b
lateral meniscus
198
a
femur
199
b
patella
200
c
meniscus
201
d
tibia
202
a
anterior cruciate ligament
203
b
posterior cruciate ligament
204
c
quadriceps tendon
205
d
patellar ligament
206
id joint
coxal joint
207
a
iliofemoral ligament
208
b
pubofemoral ligament (only seen anterior)
209
.
ischiofemoral ligament (only seen from posterior)
210
a
acetabular labrum
211
b
iliofemoral ligament
212
c
ligamentum teres/ ligament of the femoral head/ ligamentum capitis femoris
213
d
acetabular labrum
214
a
iliofemoral ligament
215
b
pubofemoral ligament
216
ischiofemoral ligament
217
acetabular labrum
218
transverse acetabular ligament
219
if pointing to acromioclavicular ligament but says id joint
acromioclavicular joint
220
maubrium of the sternum connects to the clavicle
sternoclavicular joint
221
classify hemeroulnar joint structurally
hinge synovial joint
222
classify humeroulnar joint functionally
uniaxial diarthrotic joint
223
classify tibiofemoral joint structurally
modified hinge synovial joint
224
classify tibiofemoral joint functionally
uniaxial diarthrotic joint
225
classify coxal joint structurally
ball-and-socket synovial joint
226
classify coxal joint functionally
triaxial diarthrotic joint
227
classify sternoclavicular joint structurally
saddle synovial joint
228
what type of tissue are ligaments made of
dense regular connective tissue
229
most common form of arthritis that is a disease of old age where articular cartilage softens, frays, cracks, and erodes
osteoarthritis
230
autoimmune disease where inflammation of the synovial membrane causes joint swelling and deterioration of connective tissue
rheumatoid arthritis
231
deformity of the foot where the first digit goes lateral and the metatarsal goes medially along with a medial bony swelling and bursitis
bunion
232
inflammation of the bursa from physical friction or a blow
bursitis
233
soles of the feet turn medially and toes inferiorly. treated by consecutive casts
club foot/ talipes equinovarus
234
knee most vunerable to
horizontal blows
235
most dangerous knee injury
lateral blows such anterior crucial ligament tears from turning quickly
236
bones of joint are forced out of allignment
luxation
237
partial dislocation in which bones can return to their usual position on their own
subluxation
238
inflammatory disease caused by bacteria from tick bites causing joint pain and arthritis particularly in the knee
lyme disease
239
removal of part of a torn meniscus
menisectomy
240
head of the humerus goes anterior and inferior
shoulder dislocation
241
dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint
shoulder separation
242
stretched or torn ligaments common in the spine, ankle, and knee
sprains
243
inflamation of the tendon
tendinitis
244
inflamation of the tendon sheath
tenosynovitis
245
describe clavicular fracture
happens anteriorly so the subclavian vessel is not pierced
246
distal end of the radius is forced proximally from falling with outstretched hands
colles' fracture
247
bone fragments split into 3+ pieces
comminuted fracture
248
broken bone portion is pressed inward, common of the skull
depressed fracture
249
epiphyses and diaphyses separate along the epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal fracture
250
bone breaks incompletely such that one side of the shaft breaks and the other bends. common in children because of more organic bone matrix
greenstick fractures
251
explain hip fractures as a result of ostoporosis
osteoporosis causes the fracture which then causes the fall
252
second and third metatarsals fracture from increasing running mileage too quickly
metatarsal stress fracture
253
serious injury at the distal end of the fibula's lateral malleolus
pott's fracture
254
fracture does not break skin
simple fracture
255
broken end of fractured bone protrudes through the skin
compound fracture
256
ragged break that occurs from excessive twisting
spiral fracture
