M8 SCI 11

Question 1

Global population is expected to reach ____ ________by 2025.

Answer 1

8 BILLION

Question 2

Like all living species, humanity depends on nature for:

Answer 2

• FOOD and WATER
• MATERIALS for survival
• SAFETY from environmental threats (e.g., epidemics, natural catastrophes)

Question 3

Land, air, water, forests, fisheries, minerals, and wildlife

Answer 3

NATURAL RESOURCES

Question 4

Conservation of living systems guarantees

Answer 4

• Persistence of endemic species
• Clean water (e.g., from native forests)

Question 5

“A clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term CONSERVATION OF NATURE with associated ecosystem services and cultural values.” – (Day et al. 2012, p. 9)

Answer 5

PROTECTED AREAS

Question 6

Global Status (as of 2016)
- 150,000+ protected sites
- At least 24 million sq km (______ of Earth’s land)

• Coverage:
• 14.8% of terrestrial/inland - water areas
• 5.1% of oceans
• 12.7% of coastal and marine areas

2020 Aichi Target 11:
17% of terrestrial areas
10% of coastal/marine areas

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

Republic Act 7586 ALSO KNOWN AS _____ WAS SIGNED ON June 1, 1992

Answer 7

“National Integrated Protected Areas Systems (NIPAS) Act”

Question 8

“Identified portions of land and water set aside by reason of their UNIQUE physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation.”

Answer 8

PROTECTED AREAS

Question 9

First Legislation

Answer 9

Act No. 3915 (1932)

Question 10

Philippine Protected Area Stats (as of 2016)
___#___ protected areas:

Answer 10

559

Question 11

First national park:

Answer 11

Mount Arayat

Question 12

Management of Protected Areas IS. Supervised by:

Answer 12

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

Question 13

Management of Protected Areas Requires:

Answer 13

1.ACTIVE MANAGEMENT (e.g., onsite conservation, restoration, monitoring, enforcement)
2. FUNDING (80% from government/international agencies; 70% estimated shortfall)
3. COMMUNITY SUPPORT (critical to success)

Question 14

Management of Protected Areas Potential conflicts:

Answer 14

• LACK of AWARENESS
• EXCLUSION from decisions
• Livelihood DISPLACEMENT or inequitable benefit distribution

Question 15

“Natural resource management broadly refers to the SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION of _____ natural resources… such as land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wild flora and fauna.” – Muralikrishna and Manickam (2017, p. 23)

Answer 15

MAJOR

Question 16

🧩 APPROACHES to Natural Resource Management

Answer 16

1. PROTECTED AREAS (Traditional Approach)
2. KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS (KBAs)
3. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBNRM)
4. INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE APPROACHES

Question 17

• RESTRICTS HUMAN ACCESS and use
• Still the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation
• Challenge: Many valuable areas are inhabited or NEAR SETTLEMENTS

Answer 17

1. PROTECTED AREAS (Traditional Approach)

Question 18

Sites with SIGNIFICANT GLOBAL CONTRIBUTION

Answer 18

2. KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS (KBAs)

Question 19

KBAs are Identified using standardized ____ AND _____

Answer 19

CRITERIA AND THRESHOLD

Question 20

Guide expansion of protected areas and support local conservation efforts

Answer 20

2. KEY BIODIVERSITY AREAS (KBAs)

Question 21

• One of the oldest approaches
• Rural communities manage shared resources communally

Answer 21

3. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBNRM)

Question 22

3. COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CBNRM)

• Promotes ______ through sustainable use
• Enables ______ ______ for development
• Encourages _______ and GOOD GOVERNANCE

Answer 22

CONSERVATION
INCOME GENERATION
DEMOCRACY

Question 23

INTEGRATED NATURAL RESOURCE APPROACHES

Answer 23

1. Integrated WATER RESOURCE management
2. ECOSYSTEM approach
3. integrated COASTAL ZONE management (ICZM)
4. Integrated NATURAL RESOURCES management
5. FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION

Question 24

Integrated management of land, water, and LIVING RESOURCES for conservation and equitable use Within ecosystem functioning limits

Answer 24

2. ECOSYSTEM approach

Question 24

Coordinated management of water, land, and related resources to maximize welfare and ecosystem sustainability Basin (river, lake, groundwater)

Answer 24

1. Integrated WATER RESOURCE management

Question 25

Combines human, physical, and biological aspects of the coastal zone into one framework Coastal + upland + ocean zones affecting each other

Answer 25

3. integrated COASTAL ZONE management (ICZM)

Question 26

Responsible and broad-based management to sustain agriculture and prevent degradation Landscape

Answer 26

4. Integrated NATURAL RESOURCES management

Question 27

Regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in degraded forests Landscape

Answer 27

5. FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION

Question 28

_____ _____ (natural resources) are essential for human well-being.

Answer 28

LIVING SYSTEMS