Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy > Arthrology > Flashcards

Arthrology Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What term is used to identify the study of joints?

A

Arthrology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What term is used to identify the study of ligaments?

A

Syndesmology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three histological classifications of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three classifications of joints based on movement potential?

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which classification of synarthrosis joints implies a bond condition?

A

Syndesmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the classification of a joint held together with cartilage?

A

Synchondrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the classification of a joint formed by a growth condition?

A

Symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the name given to a condition in which bones are fused together by bone?

A

Synostosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the condition in which teeth are abnormally aligned during closure of the mouth?

A

Malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What fibrous connective tissue classically fills the joint space of a syndesmosis?

A

Interosseous ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the classic examples of the less movable or “fixed” syndesmosis?

A

Tibia-fibula shaft articulation
Radio-ulnar shaft articulation
Coraco-clavicular joint
Tympano-stapedial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the examples of the typical syndesmosis from the vertebral column?

A

Most of the ligamentous joints of the vertebral column

Ligamentous sacro-iliac joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the characteristics of the (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

Primary cartilage joints
Temporary in longevity
Composed of hyaline cartilage
Form between ossification centers within a cartilage template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the examples of temporary cartilage joints?

A

Metaphysis
Neuro-central joint
Neural arch joint
Chondrocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the examples of a permanent (amphiarthrosis) synchondrosis?

A

Costochondral joints

First sternochondral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which cartilage joint classification would be considered secondary?

A

(amphiarthrosis) symphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of cartilage is characteristic of the (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?

A

Fibrocartilage or fibrous cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the characteristics of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?

A

Limited motion
Median plane location
Support anterior and posterior ligaments of a joint
Permanent in longevity
Occur between bones developing by endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the classic examples of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis?

A

Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Sternal symphyses
Symphysis menti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which examples of a (amphiarthrosis) symphysis is temporary?

A

Symphysis menti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the four consistent features of synovial (diarthrosis) joints?

A

Articular or fibrous capsule
Synovial membrane
Articular cartilage
Synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thickening of the fibrous capsule connective tissue will form the___.

A

Capsular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What generic accessory ligaments may accompany and support the capsular ligament?

A

Intracapsular ligament

Extracapsular ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the characteristics of the Type I articular receptors?

A

Located in the superficial layer of the fibrous capsule
Resemble Ruffini endings
Most numerous in cervical zygapophyses
Monitor joint at “rest”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the characteristics of Type III articular receptors?
Present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments Resembles Golgi tendon organs Not initially observed along the vertebral column Monitor extreme joint motion
26
What is the function of Type IV articular receptors?
Nociceptive (pain monitors)
27
Type IVa articular receptors would be present in what locations?
Fibrous capsule Articular fat pads Adventitia of blood vessels
28
Type IVb articular receptors would be present in what locations?
Accessory ligaments in general | Dense in posterior longitudinal ligament of spine
29
Type IV articular receptors would be absent in what parts of the synovial (diarthrosis) joint?
Synovial membrane Articular cartilage Synovial menisci or intra-articular discs
30
What are the three modifications of articular synovial membrane?
Synovial villi Articular fat pads (Haversian glands) Synovial menisci Intra-articular discs
31
What is the generic function of modifications of articular synovial membrane?
Aid in spreading synovial fluid
32
What is the apparent function of synovial villi?
Increase the surface of synovial membrane available for secretion - absorption phenomena
33
Where are the articular fat pads located?
In the fibrous layer of synovial membrane | Absent from articular cartilage, synovial menisci, and intra-articular discs
34
Articular fat pads are most numerous in what location along the vertebral column?
Lumbar zygapophyses
35
Intra-articular discs are a feature of what joint examples?
Temporomandibular joint Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Radio-ulnar joint
36
Synovial menisci are a feature of what joint examples?
Femur-tibia articulation Cervical zygapophyses Lumbar zygapophyses
37
What are the layers of the synovial membrane?
Outer fibrous layer | Inner (lumenal) cellular layer (synovial lamina intima)
38
What are the specific functions of Type A synovial cells?
Phagocytic
39
What is the specific function of Type B synovial cells?
Secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid
40
What are the primary constituents of articular cartilage?
Water Cells Collagen Type II fibers Proteogylan gel
41
What is the primary function of bound glycosaminoglycans in articular cartilage?
Form a network for water retention
42
What is implied when cartilage is said to have elastic properties?
Cartilage can deform and returns to original volume rapidly, a time independent property
43
What is implied when cartilage is said to have viscoelastic properties?
Cartilage can deform but returns to original volume slowly, a time dependent property
44
Which theory of joint lubrication implies a loss of fluid from the cartilage into the joint space during compression results in increased viscosity of the synovial fluid?
Weeping theory
45
Which theory of joint lubrication implies water loss from the synovial fluid increases viscosity of the remaining synovial fluid?
Boosted theory
46
Which theory of joint lubrication implies an absorption of lubricant onto cartilage surfaces is responsible for the low-friction observed during movement?
Boundary theory
47
What are the properties of synovial fluid?
Yellow-white Viscous Slightly alkaline Tastes salty
48
Which substance in synovial fluid was first thought to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Hyaluronate
49
What substance of synovial fluid has been proposed to be responsible for its viscosity and lubricating behavior?
Lubricin
50
What is a simple synovial joint (diarthrosis)?
Only one pair of articulating surfaces are observed
51
What is a compound synovial joint (diarthrosis)?
More than two articulating surfaces are present in the same synovial joint
52
What is a complex synovial joint (diarthrosis)?
Within the simple joint or the compound joint | The articulating surfaces are separated by an articular disc (intra-articular disc) or meniscus
53
What are the classifications of synovial joints (diarthrosis) based on type of movement?
Nonaxial Uniaxial Biaxial Multiaxial
54
What movements are accommodated of synovial joints is classified as nonaxial?
Translational movement | Plane gliding or gliding movement
55
What morphological classification of synovial joints is classified as nonaxial?
Plane (diarthrosis arthroidal)
56
What movements are accommodated by uniaxial synovial joints?
Single combination of movements relative to a single axis: flexion, extension or medial rotation, lateral rotation
57
What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as uniaxial?
Hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) | Pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
58
What movements are accommodated by biaxial synovial joints?
Movement in two independent planes at right angles to each other: flexion, extension combined with abduction, adduction
59
What morphological classifications of synovial joints would be classified as biaxial?
Bicondylar (diarthrosis) Condylar (diarthrosis) Ellipsoidal (diarthrosis) Saddle (diarthrosis sellar)
60
What morphological classification of synovial joints would be classified as multiaxial?
Ball and socket (diarthrosis enarthrosis, spheroidal, cotyloid)
61
What are examples of synovial plane (diarthrosis arthroidal) joints?
Most zygapophyses of the vertebral column Intercarpal, carpometacarpal, intermetacarpal hand joints Intercuneiform, tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal foot joints
62
What are examples of synovial hinge (diarthrosis ginglymus) joints?
Humero-ulnar joint of elbow | Interphalangeal joints of fingers and toes
63
what are the examples of synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joints?
Median atlanto-axial joint | Proximal radio-ulnar joint
64
What is the shared morphological characteristic of diarthrosis trochoid joints?
Osseous pivot point | Osteo-ligamentous ring
65
What are examples of diarthrosis condylar or diarthrosis bicondylar joints?
Temporomandibular joint | Femur-tibia joint of knees
66
What are examples of diarthrosis ellipsoidal joints?
Radiocarpal joint of the wrist Metacarpo-phalangeal joints of the hand Metatarsal-phalangeal joints of the foot Atlanto-occipital joint of the vertebral column
67
Which synovial joint classifications are now often interchanged in textbooks?
Ellipsoidal synovial joint | Condylar synovial joint
68
What are examples of synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) joints?
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb Talocrural joint of ankle Calcaneocuboid joint of foot
69
What are examples of diarthrosis cotyloid joints?
Femur-acetabulum of the innominate articulation at hip | Humerus-glenoid cavity of scapula articulation of shoulder

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions