Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis

Question 1

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 1

Vertebral condition

Question 2

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 2

Vertebral separation or vertebral cleavage

Question 3

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

Vertebral slippage

Question 4

What is the current limited definition of spondylosis

Answer 4

Vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related

Question 5

What is the location of spondylolysis that will be stressed in Spinal 2?

Answer 5

Separation along the pars interarticularis (defect in the pars interarticularis or pars defect)

Question 6

What is the incidence of spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 6

Range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 7

What is the geographic or ethnic bias for a higher incidence of spondylolysis?

Answer 7

Native Alaskan (Inuit) population

Question 8

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 8

Uniquely human upright stance or erect posture

Question 9

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 9

Men at L5/S1

Women at L4/L5

Question 10

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 10

Fetuses
Newborns
Rarely in children under 5 years old
Patients who have never walked
Non-erect species

Question 11

Lumbar spondylolysis is associated with what characteristics?

Answer 11

Familial association
Spina bifida occulta
Racial/ethnic disparities
Gender and locational bias
Youthful incidence
Activities requiring repetitive stress on the spine

Question 12

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 12

10-20 years old

Question 13

What activities are particularly stressful at the pars interarticularis of lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 13

Gymnastics
Dance
Soccer

Question 14

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 14

Hyperextension coupled with rotation

Question 15

What has been given to the material filling the space in a lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 15

Spondylolysis ligament

Question 16

What types of neural functions have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 16

Nociception
Neuromodulation
Autonomic function

Question 17

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 17

Scotty dog

Question 18

What is the appearance of a spondylolysis in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 18

Collared Scotty dog

Question 19

In oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 19

Neck of the Scotty dog

Question 20

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the eye of the Scotty dog?

Answer 20

Pedicle

Question 21

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the ear of the Scotty dog?

Answer 21

Superior articular process

Question 22

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the nose of the Scotty dog?

Answer 22

Transverse process

Question 23

What characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 23

Rare, congenital, gender biased towards men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 24

What characteristics are associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 24

Rare in general population
Typical percents in the native Alaskan (Inuit) population
Acquired
Gender biased towards men
Most common at S1
Linked to activities such as kayaking and harpooning

Question 25

What is the incidence of sacral spondylolysis in the general population?

Answer 25

Rare

Question 26

Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital conditions, acquired conditions or an age-related conditions?

Answer 26

Acquired

Question 27

What is the ethnic, gender, and locational bias associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 27

Native Alaskan (Inuit) male at S1 level

Question 28

Identify all names given to type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 28

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

Question 29

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 29

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 30

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 30

Spina bifida occulta | Nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 31

Which subtype of type II spondylolisthesis is stressed in Spinal II?

Answer 31

Lytic spondylolisthesis or stress fracture induced spondylolisthesis

Question 32

What is the cause most frequently given for type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 32

Microfractures as the result of repetitive stress during hyperflexion and rotation

Question 33

What is the age group typically associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 33

Teenagers or young adults

Question 34

What gender bias, locational bias, ans spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 34

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is common to men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal cord

Question 35

What is the gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimension changes often associated with type III spondylolisthesis?

Answer 35

Degenerative spondylolisthesis is more common in women, particularly at L4/L5, and demonstrates no change in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal

Question 36

What causes type IV spondylolisthesis

Answer 36

Fracture of the neural arch components

Question 37

What are the causes associated with type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 37

Bone diseases such as Paget disease or osteogenesis imperfecta