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Spinal Anatomy > Sacrum & Coccyx > Flashcards

Sacrum & Coccyx Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What part of the sacral ala is derived from the costal element?

A

Anterior 2/3

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2
Q

The costal element and true transverse process of sacrum unite to form what feature?

A

Sacral ala

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3
Q

How many fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint surfaces are present on the first sacral vertebral body?

A

4

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4
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of the first sacral segments?

A

5

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5
Q

What muscle may attach to the first sacral vertebral body?

A

Psoas major

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6
Q

What is the reported angulation of the first sacral articular facets?

A

Lie vertically in the coronal plane

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7
Q

What is the position of the sacral zygapophysis in adults?

A

Lies in the coronal plane for L5/S1

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8
Q

What is the orientation of the first sacral superior articular facet?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

Typically concave

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9
Q

What is the name given to the projection on the first sacral superior articular process?

A

Mammillary process

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10
Q

From the anterior view, the intervertebral discs of sacrum will be replaced by what feature?

A

Transverse ridges

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11
Q

An imaginary line drawn along the dorsal midline of sacrum is identified as the _____.

A

Median sacral crest

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12
Q

What forms the median sacal crest

A

Fused spinous processes and their spinous tubercles

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13
Q

What is the name given to the congenital condition in which the fifth lumbar spinous process i elongated, the sacrum exhibits spina bifida, and dorsiflexion produces pain?

A

Knife Clasp Syndrome

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14
Q

An imaginary line drawn from the superior articular process of S1 to the sacral cornu will form what feature?

A

Intermediate sacral crest

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15
Q

What forms the intermediate sacral crest?

A

Fused articular processes and their facets

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16
Q

What features may be identified along the intermediate sacral crest?

A

Mammillary process of S1

Sacral cornu of S5

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17
Q

What is the remnant of the inferior articular process and facet of S5?

A

Sacral cornu

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18
Q

What is the name of the inferior opening of the sacral spinal canal?

A

Sacral hiatus

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19
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

Fused transverse processes

Transverse tubercles from S1 to S5

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20
Q

What is the sacral tuberosity?

A

Enlarged transverse tubercle of S2

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21
Q

What is the name of the joint formed by the sacral tuberosity?

A

Accessory sacro-iliac joint

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22
Q

What muscle is said to attach to the dorsal surface of the sacrum?

A

Iliacus

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23
Q

What feature is identified on the lateral surface of S1-S3?

A

Auricular surface

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24
Q

What classification of joint is formed by the auricular surface of sacrum?

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A

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

25
What feature does the anterior surface of the superior epiphyseal rim of S1 form?
Sacral promontory
26
What ligament is attached to the sacral hiatus?
Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
27
How many synovial joints are typically present at sacrum?
4
28
What joint classifications are typically present at sacrum?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
29
What forms the posterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
Sacral cornu Coccygeal cornu Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Intercornual ligament
30
What forms the anterior boundary for the fifth sacral spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
Vertebral body S5 vertebral body Co1 Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Intervertebral disc
31
What is the homolog for the posterior longitudinal ligament at S5?
Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
32
What is the homolog for the anterior longitudinal ligament at S5?
Anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
33
What is the homolog for the ligamentum flavum at S5?
Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
34
What forms the inferior boundary for the spinal canal?
Union of the superficial posterior and deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
35
What ligament is formed by the union of the superficial posterior sacrococcygeal and the deep posterior sacroccygeal ligaments at Co1?
Posterior sacrococcygeal liament
36
What ligament is the homologof the intertransverse ligament at S5?
Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
37
What ligament divides the sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramina?
Sacrospinous ligament
38
Which ligament has a broad attachment along the lateral margin of sacrum and coccyx and then attaches to the ischial tuberosity?
Sacrotuberous ligament
39
Which ligament represents a thickening of the fibrous capsule of the sacro-iliac joint?
Anterior sacro-iliac ligament
40
Which ligament is the strongest of the sacro-iliac ligaments and is penetrated by dorsi rami of the sacral spinal nerves?
Interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
41
Which ligament will attach the intermediate sacral crest of S1, lateral sacral crest of S2 to the posterior iliac spine?
Short posterior sacro-iliac ligament
42
Which ligament attaches the lateral sacral crest of S3 and S4 to the posterior superior iliac spine?
Long posterior sacro-iliac ligament
43
What is the homolog for the capsular ligament at S5?
Intercornual ligament
44
What is the number of coccygeal somites?
10
45
What is the typical number of segments that unite to form the adult coccyx?
4 segments
46
When is ossification of coccyx completed?
About age 30
47
What is the direction of fusion of coccygeal segments?
From caudal to cranial, the last segments to fuse together are Co1 and Co2
48
What is the direction of the coccygeal curve?
Posterior (kyphotic)
49
What is the major motion and range of motion for coccyx?
Flexion - extension | 5-20 degrees
50
How many coccygeal nerves are present in the fetus?
Typically 5 pairs of cocygeal nerves are present
51
How many coccygeal nerves are present in the adult?
Typically only one pair of coccygeal nerves remain
52
What forms the coccygeal nerve plexus?
S4, S5 and Co1 nerves
53
What is the ganglion impar?
A midline sympathetic ganglion
54
What innervates the coccygeal glomus or coccygeal body?
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are indentified
55
What muscles attach to the coccyx?
Ischiococcygeus | Levator ani
56
What joint classifications are present for coccyx?
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis | Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
57
What forms the posterior boundary for the first coccygeal spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
Sacral cornu Coccygeal cornu Superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament Intercornual ligament
58
What forms the anterior boundary for the first coccygeal spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?
Vertebral body S5 Vertebral body Co1 Deep posterior sacroccygeal ligament Intervertebral disc

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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