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Spinal Anatomy > Thoracic Vertebra > Flashcards

Thoracic Vertebra Flashcards

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1
Q

What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?

A

Vertebral body
Transverse process
Articular process
Spinous process

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2
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?

A

Triangular

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3
Q

On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?

A

Left side of the vertebral body will be flattened and the right side convex

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4
Q

What is the name given to the left side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?

A

Aortic impression

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5
Q

What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?

A

Left side of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

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6
Q

What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?

A

Posterior height is greater than the anterior height by one to two millimeters

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7
Q

What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?

A

vertebral body height differences

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8
Q

In terms of the anterior-posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?

A

Kyphotic curve

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10
Q

What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

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11
Q

How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

4

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12
Q

How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

2

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13
Q

How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Typically 4 are identified (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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14
Q

How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

Typically 10 (fourteen if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)

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15
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?

A

Costocentral joint

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16
Q

How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?

A

4

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17
Q

Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?

A

Superior costal demi-facet

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18
Q

What ligaments support the costocentral joint?

A

Costocentral stellate/radiate ligament

Costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament

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19
Q

The costocentral stellate/ radiate ligament will attach to which segments at the T3 spinal nerve intervertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body of T3

Vertebral body of T4

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20
Q

Which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T2 or T3?

A

Longus colli

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21
Q

Which X-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic?

A

Lateral view

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22
Q

What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?

A

Shingling

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23
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?

A

Oval or circular

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24
Q

In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?

A

Transverse plane

Vertebral transverse diameter

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25
What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?
Transverse costal facet | Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
26
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?
Superior costotransverse ligament Inferior costotransverse ligament Lateral costotransverse ligament
27
Which muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
``` Longissimus thoracis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus capitis Semispinalis thoracis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis capitis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii Levator costarum longus Levator costarum brevis ```
28
How can you distinguish between a T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process?
T2-T4: the width between the superior articular process is greater than the width between the inferior articular process of that vertebra T5-T8: the width between the superior articular process is equal to or the same as the width between the inferior articular processes of that vertebra
29
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
They face backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)
30
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
They face forward, downward, and medial (ForMeD)
31
How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?
10
32
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?
6
33
What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?
Imbrication
34
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?
T5-T8
35
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?
T8
36
What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?
Undersurface of T2-T4 processes will angle up to forty degrees from the horizontal plane Undersurface of T5-T8 processes will angle up to sixty degrees from the horizontal plane
37
Which muscles may attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Rhomboid major Serratus posterior superior Splenius cervicis Splenius capitis Spinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis capitis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
38
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T1?
Fibrous (amphiathrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia joint) Modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) only as variation
39
What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint of T1?
Transverse costal facet | Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
40
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of T1?
Inferior costotransverse ligament | Lateral costotransverse ligament
41
What ligament is absent at the costotransverse joint of T1?
Superior costotransverse ligament
42
The superior costotransverse ligament of the transvere process of T1 will attach to which rib?
2nd rib
43
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T1?
``` Longissimus thoracis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus capitis Semispinalis cervicis Semispinalis capitis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii Levator costarum brevis ```
44
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1?
They face backward, upward, lateral (BUL)
45
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of T1?
They face forward, downward, medial (ForMeD)
46
How many synovial joints are present at T1?
10
47
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T1?
``` Trapezius Rhomboid minor Serratus posterior superior Splenius capitis Spinalis thoracis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis capitis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
48
Which muscles attach to the transverse process of T9?
``` Longissimus thoracis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii Levator costarum longus Levator costarum brevis ```
49
How many synovial joints are typically present at T9?
10
50
Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T9?
``` 2 superior costal demi-facets 2 inferior costal demi-facets 2 superior articular facets 2 inferior articular facets 2 transverse costal facets ```
51
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are typically present on T9?
6
52
What is the generic appearance of the spinous process of T9?
Shorter and more horizontal
53
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T9?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
54
Which muscles are conspicuously absent at the T9 spinous process?
Spinalis | Semispinalis
55
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?
2
56
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10?
2
57
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10?
Typically 4 are identified (as many as 8 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
58
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T10?
Typically 8 (12 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
59
Which synovial joint surface is absent from the vertebral body of T10?
Inferior costal demi-facets
60
Para-articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of the spine?
T10
61
The superior costotransverse ligament of the T10 transverse process will attach to which rib?
11th rib
62
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T10?
``` Longissimus thoracis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii Levator costarum longus Levator costarum brevis ```
63
Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present on T10?
2 superior costal facets 2 transverse costal facets 2 superior articular facets 2 inferior articular facets
64
Which rib related facet is absent on T10?
Inferior costal demi-facet
65
A dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often a characteristic of the location of which segment?
T10
66
What mucles attach to the spinous process of T10?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
67
Which erector spinae muscles will not attach to the spinous process of T10?
Spinalis Longissimus Iliocostalis
68
What joint classifications are present at T10?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
69
What is the name given to T11?
Anticlinal vertebrae
70
What is the outline of the vertebral body of T11 on superior view?
Kidney-shaped or reniform
71
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T11?
Typically 8 (12 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
72
Which ligaments of the costocentral joint is absent for the 11th rib?
Costocentral interarticular or intra-articular ligament
73
Which vertebrae is the largest segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet?
T10
74
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of T11?
Superior costotransverse Slightly developed inferior costotransverse Lateral costotransverse
75
Which costotransverse ligaments are absent at T11?
Capsular costotransverse ligament
76
What muscles attach to the transverse process of T11?
``` Longissimus thoracis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii Levator costarum brevis ```
77
Which segment will be the last to demonstrate an attachment for the levator costarum longus?
T10
78
How many synovial joints are typically present at T11?
6
79
What muscles attach to the spinous process of T11?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Serratus posterior inferior Iliocostalis lumborum Spinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
80
At which segments of the thoracic spine will the spinalis muscle not attach?
T9 | T10
81
Which muscles of the 5 layers of the true back are present at the spinous process of T11?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Serratus posterior inferior Iliocostalis lumborum Spinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis ```
82
How many synovial joints are formed with the vertebral body of T12?
2
83
How many symphysis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T12?
2
84
How many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T12?
Typically 8 (10 if the costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments are included)
85
Which muscles attaching to the T11 spinous process would be representative of layer four?
Iliocostalis lumborum | Spinalis thoracis
86
What joint classifications are present at T11?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
87
What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?
Kyphotic curve
88
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of T12?
Fibrous (amohiarthrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
89
What muscles are attached to the vertebral body of T12?
Psoas major | Psoas minor
90
What does the lateral tubercle of T12 represent?
Transverse process
91
What does the superior tubercle of T12 represent?
Mammillary process of lumbar vertebrae
92
What does the inferior tubercle of T12 represent?
Accessory process of lumbar vertebrae
93
What ligaments form the costotransverse joint of the 12th rib?
Superior costotransverse ligament from T11 | Lumbocostal ligament from L1
94
Which costotrasnverse ligaments are attached to T12?
None
95
Which costotransverse ligaments lack an attachment to T12?
Capsular costotransverse Superior costotransverse Inferior costotransverse Lateral costotransverse
96
What muscles attach to the transverse process region of T12?
``` Longissimus thoracis Semispinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Intertransversarii ```
97
Which rib-associated muscle is absent at the transverse process region of T12?
Levator costarum
98
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum brevis attachment?
T11
99
Which segment is the last to demonstrate a levator costarum longus attachment?
T10
100
What is the orientation of the superior articular surface of T12?
Backward, upward, lateral (BUL)
101
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of T12?
Forward, downward, lateral (FoLD)
102
How many synovial joints are typically present at T12?
6
103
Identify the synovial joint surfaces typically present at T12?
2 superior costal facets 2 superior articular facets 2 inferior articular facets
104
Which muscles attach to the spinous process of T12?
``` Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Serratus posterior inferior iliocostalis lumborum Spinalis thoracis Multifidis Rotator longus Rotator brevis Interspinalis ```
105
Which erector spinae muscle is unique in its attachment to the T12 spinous process?
Iliocostalis lumborum
106
Which muscle attaching to the T12 spinous process are representative of layer 3?
Serratus posterior inferior
107
What joint classifications are present at T12?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis Synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia
108
Which muscles attach tot he vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae?
Longus colli Psoas major Psoas minor
109
Which thoracic segments will have muscles attaching to their vertebral bodies?
T1-T3 | T12
110
Which thoracic segment is the last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum brevis?
T11
111
Which thoracic segment is first to demonstrate the attchment of the levator costarum longus?
T7
112
Which thoracic segment is last to demonstrate the attachment of the levator costarum longus?
T10
113
Rhomboid major and rhomboid minor will attach to the spinous process of which thoracics?
T1 only
114
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior superior?
T1-T3
115
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the serratus posterior inferior?
T11-T12
116
Which thoracic vertebrae will demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the splenius muscles?
T1-T6
117
Which thoracics demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the iliocostalis lumborum?
T11-T12
118
Which thoracic vertebrae lack any spinalis muscle group attachment on their spinous process?
T9-T10
119
Which thoracic is the last to demonstrate a spinous process attachment for the semispinalis?
T6

Spinal Anatomy (19 decks)

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