Aural Rehabilitation Exam 3 Flashcards
(313 cards)
1
Q
Travis and Tian were two ASL children.
A
true
2
Q
Keira was a girl with a cochlear implant who had a language/speech delay. Mom imitates what the therapist is doing.
A
true
3
Q
Solomon was a boy with bilateral cochelar implants who accepted the cochlear implants fairly easily. He grabbed his head when the implants were turned on.
A
true
4
Q
___ was generated due to the educational shortcomings in the residential
schools and recommended “universally applied procedures for early id and
evaluation of hearing impairment.
A
Babbidge Report (1965)
5
Q
____ recommended use of High-risk register and investigated the possibility of testing children 5 – 12 months.
A
National Conference on Education of the Deaf (1967)
6
Q
____ estabilished stages from diagnosis of hearing loss to the beginning of formal communication intervention, including important steps for auditory habilitation.
A
Robbins (2002)
7
Q
___ found the average age at identification = 2 ½ years.
A
The Commission on Education for the Deaf (1988)
8
Q
____ recommended all infants be screened before leaving the hospita
A
The National Institutes of Health Consensus Statements (1993)
9
Q
The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing’s 1990 report established what?
A
– high risk infants screened by prior to d/c and no later
than 3 months of age
10
Q
The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing’s 1994 report established what?
A
All infants with HL id prior to 3 mos and begin
intervention by 6 mos.
11
Q
The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing’s 2000 report established what?
A
created guidelines and principles for EDHI programs
12
Q
The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing’s 2007 report established what?
A
2 different process for well-baby nurseries vs. NICUs; recommends pediatric ENT; referral for genetics consultation and pediatric ophthalmologist
13
Q
What was the order of the 5 developments of EHDI?
A
1 Babbidge Report (1965)
2 National Conference on Education of the Deaf (1967)
3 The Commission on Education for the Deaf (1988)
4 The National Institute of Health Consensus Statements (1993)
5 Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (1990; 1994; 2000; 2007)
14
Q
What made the EHDI possible? When was it?
A
Otoacoustic Emissions Testing (1993)
15
Q
What are the 8 principles of the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing? 123; hi-risk, rights x2, data, regulation
A
1 Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
2 Rescreen/confirm loss by 3 months of age
3 Receive services prior to 6 months of age
4 Hi-risk babies monitored in hearing & sp/lang dev
5 Protection of infant and family rights through informed choice, decision-making, and consent
6 Privacy and Confidentiality are maintained
7 EDHI data systems - reporting
8 EDHI programs continuously assess effectiveness, compliance with regulations, and fiduciary aspects of the program.
16
Q
What are risk factors for infant hearing loss? 6
A
hyperbilirubemia, NICU, syndromes (downs, etc.), atresia/stenosis, anotia/microtia, family history
17
Q
What percent of babies were screen w/in 1 month of age (in ‘99, ‘04, and ‘08)
A
1999- only 25%
2004- 89.8%
2008- 92%
18
Q
Of the babies who “fail” screen, ___ are lossed to follow-up.
A
65%
19
Q
Of those infants ID’d w/ HL, ___ are referred for services and ___ receive services.
A
87%; 53%
20
Q
We know that hearing loss can be ___, ____, or ____.
A
SNHL, permanent conductive HL, auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD)
21
Q
What is the prevalence of Well baby?
A
1 per 1,000 births
22
Q
What is the prevalence of NICU?
A
1 per 100 (10x more common than well-baby)
23
Q
Any bayin the NICU _____ (length of time) should also have an ABR prior to leaving
A
> 5 days
24
Q
If a screening is failed, we should ____, prior to d/c.
A
repeat the screening
25
___ and ___ are possible causes of failed screening.
Cerumen; vernix caseosa
26
____ is a fatty cream that covers a baby right after birth.
Vernix caseosa
27
Babies readmitted to the hospital w/in ____ should be rescreened (freq readmits due to hyperbilirubemia).
1st month
28
If baby doesn't pass a screening, should be referred to a ___.
pediatric audiologist (who you should know)
29
As SLPs, we will have a lot to do with ANSD diagnosis.
false
30
___ is patent in pt with speech perception scores that do not match levels on audiogram,and sores are poorer than those w/ same degree of SNHL and scores are variable.
Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)
31
Who conducted research on what should we present to parents from hearing screens?
1997 - 10 question survey, parents had positive attitudes
2000 - both fails and passes had equal degrees of stress
2001 - found no significant degree of concern btw mothers whose babies failed first screen and second screen
2006 - more tests more stress
32
What are the 5 steps to increase adherence to follow up?
1 Newborn Hearing Loss managers need to communicate info
2 Dev a sys for scheduling follow-up appts
3 Audiologists need to build relationships w/ birthing facilities and provide on-going training and alliances w/ staff
4 min. the # of return appts needed
5 Empower families by providing edu and encouragement to be active in the EHDI process
33
What are the substeps for newborn hearing loss managers need to commmunicate information? 4
1 be available
2 explain results accurately
3 stress the importance of follow up
4 educate on the impact of hearing loss
34
If the infant fails the screening, the joint commission on infant hearing (2007) determined that if the ABR is normal and there are no risk factors, ___
no further scheduled follow-up needed (but notify pediatrician)
35
If the infant fails the screening, the joint commission on infant hearing determined that if the ABR is normal and there ARE risk factors, ___
follow-up by 2-2.5 years of age; more frequent follow-ups may be appropriate
36
What are some risk factors for HL in infants? 9
```
1 ECMO (oxygen adder to blood)
2 Chemotherapy
3 Syndromes w/ HL as component
4 Neurodegenerative disorders
5 Trauma
6 Infections associated w/ HL
7 CMV
8 Caregiver concerns
9 family history of HL
```
37
How has the newborn hearing screening changed the game?
it used to be the parent-initiated, now it is the "surprise model"
38
What are factors that happening with infant hearing loss in a hearing family? 9
```
1 Familiar party to break the news
2 Plan for enough time for counseling
3 Assess family's understanding
4 Encourage honest sharing of feelings
5 Accept family’s reaction with unconditional
positive regard
6 Allow ample time for decision processes
7 Clear plan for between visits
8 Schedule follow ups
9 Begin habilitation ASAP
```
39
Why should a familiar party break the news of a hearing loss?
someone should be building the trust and keeping the role structure clear
40
Why should we plan enough time for counseling?
cannot do back to back scheduling; if you go long, need to have an open period after
41
What are the parts to assessing the family's understanding of the screening results? 4 When should this be done?
```
1 results
2 their responsibilities
3 your responsibilities
4 next steps
at the end of the session
```
42
What goes into encouraging honest sharing of feelings? 2
1 people who are grieving say a lot of things
| 2 some of what they say is an accurate portrayal of their true feelings (the rest is just pain expressed)
43
What should to accept the family's reaction?
Never presume you know how someone feels: Outward expressions of grief may not be accurate; And, grief takes time and patience
44
What goes into allowing ample time for decision and processes? 2
Within reason – we need to have a decision re: communication options as soon as possible, but that doesn't mean a week or two or before the “before the
next visit”
- Instead, plan on having the family bring additional questions about each decision to each subsequent visit
= Once the questions dry up, a decision can be encouraged
45
What goes into having a clear plan for btw visits? 3 for family;
```
for Family
1 Journaling (see positive dev)
2 Reading (not to dark or light)
3 Exercises (find ways to expose kid to sound)
```
46
What goes into having a clear plan for btw visits? 3 for SLP/audiologist
for Audiologist/SLP
1 Preparing for decision discussions
2 Gathering of further education materials
3 Setting up connections/referrals
47
What goes into scheduling follow-ups? 3
1 few pts will go home and make an appts
2 encourage pts to make an appts b4 they leave
3 facilitate appts w/ referral sources
48
What goes into to beginning habilitation? 2
• Not pushing the decision, but encouraging
family to see what the child CAN do
• Help them to focus on positive changes that
development will push regardless of
disorders/disabilities
49
What is the difference in the response of HL in a deaf family? 2
1 pride in geneology
| 2 ease of visual communication (which can also be used w/ hearing ch)
50
What goes into Early Intervention? 2
• Amplification ought to be fitted within one
month of diagnosis
• Establishment of a medical home - means
(May already have an established relationship with a pediatrician; Work in concert with the pediatrician to
coordinate comprehensive care)
51
What should we do to educate the pediatricians in our area? 5
1 Overview of the EHDI process
2 Newborn screening and referral procedures
3 Options for amplification and parameters of those options
4 Procedures for Early Intervention referrals
5 Points to monitor in hearing health
52
____ is a place to go for all of your medical needs. The point person to contact with worries.
Medical home
53
How do you educate families regarding Early intervention? 9
1 Causes of hearing loss
2 Coping with the emotional aspects of HL (grieving process)
3 Understanding the audiogram
4 How the baby will learn to listen and speak
5 Understanding the ear and hearing
6 Realistic timelines for expectations
7 Amplification options
8 Communication options
9 Legal rights/laws that protect people with HI
54
What is Robbins (2002) timeline for early intervention?
Phase 1: Diagnosis to fitting
Phase 2: Adjusting to amplification
Phase 3: Adjustment to habilitation
55
What goes into phase 1 (diagnosis to fitting) in the timeline? 4
1 encourage parents to cont. auditory stimuli (esp lang)
2 journal ch's progress and parent's emotion
3 edu themselves
4 amplification (don't need full audiogram, just worst diagnosis on worst ear) (follow protocols for electro-acoustic analysis; modifications will be ongoing as ch grows and devs)
56
What goes into phase 2 (adjusting to amplification) in the timeline?
1 HAT and incidental learning
2 Journaling communication development 3 Orientation to the hearing aid may need to include multiple family members
(Maximize use, Manage humidity, Daily care, Troubleshooting, Visual and listening checks)
57
What are the recommendations for fitting on early intervention hearing aids? (6 reasons)
Generally a BTE is best bet for inf:
1 Best range of amplification options
2 Most durable
3 Remake of earmolds is easily managed
4 Easiest to manage and maintain
5 Easiest to adapt to use with TVs, telephone, radio, etc
6 Trial period of 3-6 months before CI implantation
58
What goes in to phase 3 (adjustment to habilitation) in the timeline? 2
1 Facilitative language techniques (now we need to be focused on development) - Variegated Babbling; Jargon into first words;
2 Pre-literacy exposure
59
____ must be administered in a standarized manner.
Standardized tests
60
______ assumes your patint is like the norming population.
comparison to norms
61
What are different language assessment?
Formal
- Standardized tests
- Compared to “norms”
- Informal
- Language sample
- MLU/semantic relations analysis
62
A formal test is a ___ or a moment of time and it is a specific set of skills.
snapshot
63
A formal test gives a range of what the patient can do.
false
64
Children with HL begin with ___ because there is a feedback loop for it.
babbling
65
If children are not well amplified, what will happening to child's babbling?
their feedback loop will be interrupted, babbling could cease
66
Early amplification can reduce or eliminiate the differences in comm development, but what? 2
1 vocabulary growth maybe slowed
| 2 phonological development may be different and or disordered
67
What are the modes of communication? Do parents have to know about them?
Auditory-Oral
Total Communication
American Sign Language (ASL); yes with minimal bias
68
What is the auditory oral approach?
uses residual aural function to stimulate auditory sense consistently; there is also the AV approach with 9 principles
69
What is the A-V approach? 9
1 early ID of hearing loss (screening at infancy throughout childhood)
2 prompt and vigrous medical and audiological management of the HL (incl amplification and HAT)
3 coach parents as primary communication models (part of screening process; appropriate edu re: hearing and comm)
4 integrate of hearing and listening into daily activities (enhance the opportunities for incidental learning)
5 one-to-one intervention with a-v principles
6 encourage monitoring of their own speech and the speech of others (including prosody)
7 follow typical developmental trajectories (developmental approach)
8 Continuous diagnosis and monitoring of
progress to inform program adaptations
9 Facilitate mainstream integration
70
What goes into the Total Communication? 3 (pros/cons)
1 Teaching English using sign, voice, fingerspelling, lipreading, amplification, vibrotactile simulation, gestures, and pictures
2 pros: any method of getting lang, can help lip reading
3 cons: not really English or ASL, mainstream classroom may not be possible.
71
__ is a language specifically used and husbanded by the Deaf.
American Sign Language
72
What are the aspects (1 pro/2 cons) of ASL?
Pros: strong sense of identity in the Deaf
community
Cons: 1 No written form – hard to make transition from ASL to written English
2 May have difficulty ‘fitting in’ to either (hearing or deaf) culture
73
Who plays a role in facilitating oral language? 7
```
1 skilled providers
2 hierarchical curricula (dev related)
3 mass practice
4 unisensory stimulation
5 parent partnerships
6 integration into ADL
7 capitalize on auditory language (which relates back to #1)
```
74
What are the special education provisions for ch w/ HL? 4
```
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act
1 Free and Appropriate Public Eduction
2 Least Restrictive Environment
3 Procedural Safeguards
4 Individual Family Service Plans
```
75
What is dual sensory impairment?
either blind and deaf; or visual impaired and hearing impaired
76
What are some examples where dual sensory impairment is common?
syndromes like CHARGE and Usher
77
What does the SLP need to do with dual sensory impairment?
vision screening is very importatn to the pop of ch w/ hearing impairment (if optometrist who specializes in ch w/ hearing loss; opthomologist may be better bet)
78
What are some examples of assessment tools to use with infants and toddlers? 4
1 FAPI (Functional Auditory Performance Indicator)
2 IT-MAIS - Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale
3 COSI-C - Client Oriented Scale of Improvement for Children
4 ELF - Early Listening Function
79
When working on infant assesments what do we rely upon?
parent report
80
Which is the easiest way to assess?
formal test
81
When can it be difficult a language sample?
young children are difficult to understand, difficult to get talking
82
_____ must be administered in a standardized manner.
Standardized test
83
What do norms mean?
when you look at things a certain way, certain things should be observed
84
What is considered "school-aged"for aural rehab?
3-18 (21)
85
Who defines what are school-aged children?
Federal definitions of hearing impairment and deafness
86
What is the difference in Hearing Impairment and Deafness?
degree of HL and success of amplification
87
Why isn't there specific audiometric criteria for HI and deafness?
b/c of states descisions: ea ch w/ HL will need prescriptive guidelines not just based on the audiogram but many other variables in addition
88
What are the 3 main categories of speech affected by HL? 3
voice, prosody, and artic
89
How does HL/HI affect voice? 2
1 dependent upon respiration and phonation (needs feedback)
| 2 dependent on auditory feedback
90
What are voice quality issues common to people with HL/HI? 4
breathiness, harshness, hypernasality, and degree is somewhat dependent upon the nature and degree of HL
91
What are the effects of HL/HI on prosody? 3
1 subtle change (prosody is subtle)
2 may be difficult to detect other's prosody
3 therefore difficult to produce in his/her own speech
92
____ is intonation changes signaled by changes in a pseaker's fundamental frequency.
Prosody
93
What are the effects of HL/HI on articulation? 5
1 deletions, distortions, substitutions
2 both vowels and consonants- vowel neutralizations,
3 consonant voicing errors,
4 consonant errors are more common with consonants that are more difficult to see,
5 consonant errors are more common with consonants in medial and final positions of words- most of acoustic energy at the beginning of the word
94
____ the understanding of the sound system of a language is dependent upon repeated incidental exposure.
Phonology
95
____ relates to vocabulary and lexical deficits.
Semantic deficits
96
What is the difficult in treating semantics in kids with HL?
must be taught in context, dependent on incidental learning, and its organization of the lexicon is dependent upon strong phonological representations
97
What are the two types of morpho-syntactical deficits in pts with HL? 2
1 Production of agrammatical forms (Inaccurate morphological combinations, Clausal errors)
2 Production of simpler than typical forms
(Over reliance on SVO structure)
98
What are 3 types of pragmatic deficits for ch with HL?
1 Conversational turn lags
2 Atypical eye contact
3 Over-reliance on touch to get a partner’s attention
99
What are several negative psychosocial effects of HL? 4
1 Parental emotions of grief, anger, guilt may impede child’s development
2 Learned helplessness
3 Risk aversion
4 Better with exposure/interaction with typically hearing peers
100
What are federal laws which have provisions for school-aged ch with HL? 2
1 IDEA – Section 504 of the rehabilitation act
| 2 ADA
101
___ is a range of different situations that a child with HL can be schooled from a regular school to a separate school for ch w/ HL/disabilities.
Continuum of Mainstreaming
102
What are the two extremes on the continuum of mainstreaming?
```
Complete segregation (school for the deaf)
Complete integration (in regular ed classroom with typically hearing peers)
```
103
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the teachers? 2
1 Willingness/ability to adapt curricular materials
| 2 Willingness/ability to use HAT (not avail in some rural areas)
104
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the classroom/school? 3
```
1 Adequately funded for staff and technology
2 Small class size
3 Appropriate classroom acoustics and lighting
```
105
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the students? 4
1 Appropriate behaviors for age and grade
2 Adequate speech and language for success
3 Realistic expectations of parents and self
4 Self-advocacy skills
106
____ is tailored to each student’s specific needs and parents take part in construction.
Individualized Education Plan
107
What are two characteristics of an IEP? What age are IEPs for?
1 Tailored to each student’s specific needs
2 Parents take part in construction
- School-age (ages 3-21)
108
What accommodations should be included with IEPs? 2
1 Adaptations to educational practices that allow access to the curriculum for children with disabilities
2 Individually tailored to meet the needs of each child
109
What are related services/supplementary aids for ch with HL/HI? 2
1 interpreting services
| 2 HAT
110
What is the role of the educational audiologist? 5
```
1 identification
2 diagnosis
3 selecting, fitting, and managing amplification
4 prevention of HL
5 counseling and guidance
```
111
What are some aspects to identiying HL by educational audiologists?
* NOT usually done by audiologists in TX!*
1 “Screening should be done liberally” - Need to be well trained
2 Children with (C)APD
3 May pass hearing screen
- Behave as if they have a hearing loss
-Difficult to differentiate from a garden-variety receptive language disorder
112
What goes into diagnosis of HL by educational audiologist? 2
1 In conjunction with the medical home (more limited power than traditional audiologist)
2 Collaboration with ENTs, Other Audiologists, GPs (usually confirm audiologist's diagnosis)
113
Children with ___ may pass a hearing screening but behave as if they have a HL.
(C)APD
114
What goes in to selecting, fitting, and managing amplification for educational audiologists? 5
1 Selecting both personal and group amplification systems
2 Determining their effectiveness in meeting the child’s educational needs (Parts and service)
3 Listening checks, monitoring function/condition of personal devices
4 Provision of “loaner” devices
5 Other HAT concerns re:
(FM systems, Remote microphone hearing assistance technology - RMHAT)
115
What goes in to prevention of HL for educational audiologists? 2
1 Managing noise around the school
| 2 Educating students, parents and teachers about proper use of personal listening devices
116
What goes in to counseling and guidance for educational audiologists? 3
1 Informational counseling
2 Personal adjustment counseling
(Helping children tell their stories, clarify their problems, and set goals, devise and use strategies)
3 Staff inservices
117
What is the role of the SLP for HL/HI in the school-aged population? 2
Garden variety sp & lang treatment with:
1 Different types of disorders (HL is different!)
2 Different focus of treatment (HL is different!)
118
What different accommodations are available to HL/HI children? 6
```
1 Acoustic environment
2 Acoustical treatment
3 Classroom type and teaching style
4 HAT
5 Grading Accommodations
6 Behavioral and Social Accommodations
```
119
What accommodations for acoustic environment for HL/HI school-aged children? 6
```
1 Level of ambient noise
2 SNR measurements – and remedies!
3 What is the signal in a classroom?
4 What is the noise?
5 Reverberation measurements
6 Assurance that auditory signals (fire alarms, bells, announcements) are paired with visual signals
```
120
What accommodations for acoustic treatment for HL/HI school-aged children? 2
(Building materials)
1 Noise absorbing
2 Noise barriers
121
What accommodations for Classroom type and for HL/HI school-aged children? 6
```
1 Closed classrooms
2 Open area concepts
3 Split grade levels
4 Portable classrooms
5 Square foot to student ratio
6 Use devices that allow for visual (lipreading) cues
```
122
What accommodations for teaching style and for HL/HI school-aged children? 5
```
1 Interactive
2 Didactic
3 Small group instruction
4 Team teaching
5 Independent work periods
```
123
What accommodations for HAT and for HL/HI school-aged children? 4
1 Sound field amplification (Not just beneficial for the kids- Teachers’ voices benefit too)
2 Personal FM systems (with the goal of improving SNR)
3 Interpreters - ASL If the student uses sign
4 Interpreters - Provide notes for the child
124
What accommodations for Grading accommodations for HL/HI school-aged children? 5
1 Modified vocabulary
2 Graphic cues
3 Alternative forms of response
4 Reduced length of tests and assignments
5 Grading adaptations (Narratives, Contract grading - grading based on agreement, Grading of parts of assignments)
125
What accommodations for Behavioral and Social Accommodations for HL/HI school-aged children? 3
1 Children who are deaf or hearing impaired
probably don’t misbehave any more than children who hear typically
2 Teachers and p gy arents need to work together to lay boundaries and enforce consequences
3 Bullying (power differential; cyber-x)
126
What are the direct service delivery methods? 3
1 Auditory-Verbal
2 Verbotonal
3 The Erber Approach
127
The main goal of ___ is to restore hearing impaired people into a hearing community, must use audition all the time.
Auditory-verbal
128
What are the goals and method of auditory verbal?
goal: restore them to the hearing community
method: unisensory - hearing only, cannot use vision to help communication ( also use parent coaching and direct treatment
Manage the environment)
129
What are 10 skills in AVT?
```
1 Auditory awareness and perception (pointing to sounds and draw attention to sounds)
2 Auditory attention and Inhibition
3 Auditory feedback and monitoring
4 Auditory memory
5 Distance hearing
6 Localization
7 Discrimination
8 Auditory memory span and sequencing
9 Auditory processing
10 Auditory understanding (taking old information and applying it to new information)
```
130
What is the Verbotonal approach? 5
1 Predominantly unisensory – although visual cues are allowed
2 Parent involvement is key – although they’re not often included in treatment sessions
3 May include a vibratory panel to enhance the input of the timing components of speech
4 Situational teaching
5 Learn sounds in hierarchy of “tonality”
131
What is the Erber method? 3
1 Also auditory
2 Parents important, but do not participate in treatment sessions routinely
3 Every day activities
132
What is Erber's Hierarchy of Auditory Skills? 4
1 Detection
2 Discrimination
3 Identification
4 Comprehension
133
What is Erber's Hierarchy of Stimulus items? 6
```
1 Speech elements
2 Syllables
3Words
4 Phrases
5 Sentences
6 Discourse
```
134
What is required for assessments? 3
1 Standardized tests administered in a standardized way
2 Informal assessments
3 Both are necessary both are valuable
135
What is (C)APD? 3
1 Central Auditory Processing Disorder - Fair amount of over diagnosis
2 Evaluation must be comprehensive and
multidisciplinary
3 Differential diagnosis with Receptive Language disorder (SLI), Attention deficit disorder (or ADHD) & Behavior disorder
136
What is AN/AD? 3
1 Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dysynchronicity - Best to rely on your audiologist for diagnosis and guidance with this disorder
2 Difficult to diagnose accurately
3 Difficult to manage given shifts in performance over time
137
What is Tinnitus? 3
A constant buzz or hum:
1 Children who complain of tinnitus need to be immediately referred to a physician.
2 Not uncommon in children with CIs
3 Fairly uncommon in typically hearing children
138
What is Dual Sensory Impairment? 4
Both visual and auditory deficits:
1 Limited opportunities to explore their environments
2 Difficulty with new experiences
3 Assessment and treatment needs to be
multidisciplinary
4 Focus on input of sensory information by whatever means necessary - vibrotactile aids; hand mats, augmentative/assistive technology
139
What do we need to know about abuse and neglect? 5
1 School employees and healthcare workers are mandatory reporters
2 You will have a lot more opportunity to learn about this topic in your careers
3 Allegations must be founded on real evidence
4 You may be asked to testify concerning your observations
5 Consequences of reporting are significant Consequences of NOT reporting are even more significant
140
Situations in which children could solve one type of problem using mature thinking skills, but could not accomplish this for less familiar problems, a phenomenon he called ___.
horizontal decalage
141
What is HRQoL?
Health Related Quality of Life
142
_____ adults btw 18-64 years of age are HOH.
3.8 million
143
____ adults are functionally deaf.
440,000
144
What are the aspects of HRQoL?
1 personal fullfilment (Satisfaction w/ self)
2 physical and material well being (health and ability to care for one's self)
3 adult role fullfilment (education and career)
145
One of the parts of IDEA is that at 16, there has to be a ___ on their ____.
transition plan; IEP
146
What is a problem with IDEA's transition aspect?
many kids drop out well before 16
147
What goes into Vocational Rehab? 5
1 Guide and counsel toward job goals
2 Refer and collaborate with physician and other healthcare professionals
3 Supports training and education
4 Assists in finding: Short-term job placement, Transitional support, Securing regular employment)
5 Assist w/ obtaining assistive technology
148
What goes into enrolling in college for students with HL? 4
1 Need to provide supporting documentation (Recent (w/in last year to 3 years)) - SINCE IT'S UP TO THE PARENTS/STUDENTS TO ASK
2 How and by whom the diagnosis was made
3 How the diagnosis affects FUNCTIONING in ADLs
4 Need to request specific accommodations - TRANSITION TO SELF-ADVOCACY
149
```
Over the next 50 years, the number of elderly persons with hearing loss is expected to…
Decrease
Stay the same
Increase
None of the above
```
Increase
150
```
Which of the following has the characteristic of poor speech recognition when compared against the audiogram?
Mechanical presbycusis
Metabolic presbycusis
Sensory prebycusis
Neural presbycusis
```
Neural Presbycusis
151
```
Hearing loss is the ___ most common chronic healthcare condition in the elderly.
Ninth
Sixth
Third
None of the Above
```
Third
152
```
The ability to raise and lower the arms is known as ...
Proximal manual dexterity
Fine motor coordination
Distal manual dexterity
None of the above
```
proximal manual dexterity
153
```
Photoreceptors in the eye are known as ...
Retinal vessels
Rods and cones
The lens
None of the above
```
Rods and cones
154
```
Clouding of the lens of the eye is known as ...
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
None of the above
```
Cataracts
155
```
Which of the following medications may increase the risk of falling?
Antihypertensive drugs
Cardiac medications
Major tranquilizers
Corticosteroids
All of the above
```
All of the above
156
```
Which of the following facts about Alzheimer's is/are NOT true?
Most often starts after age 60 years
100 million Americans have it
Prevalence increases with age
None of the above
```
100 million Americans have it
157
```
Which of the following has the capacity of 5 to 7 items permitting the retention of small bits of information?
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Sensory memory
None of the above
```
Short-term memory
158
```
Which of the following has a characteristic of an essentially positive attitude toward hearing aids and auditory rehabilitation, but the patient presents with some complicating factor?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
None of the above
```
Type II
159
```
When a patient says, “I may have a problem (hearing), but I don’t need to get treatment for it yet?,” they are at what level of acknowledgement?
nonacknowledgement
complete acknowledgement
partial acknowledgement
none of the above
```
partial acknowledgement
160
Which of the following principles are not consistent with Smith and West’s (2006) suggestions for developing self-efficacy?
Setting vague and ambiguous goals
Starting with simple skills and progressing toward more difficulty tasks
Suggesting practice of skills at home
Engaging in role play
None of the above
setting vague and ambitious goals
161
```
Which of the following principles is not consistent with Adult Learning Theory?
Experience is used as a tool
Self-concept promotes self-direction
Motivation is external
All of the above
A and B
B and C
A and C
None of the above
```
motivation is external
162
```
Which of the following pairs of phonemes are not members of the same viseme group?
/f/ and /m/
/p/ and /b/
/t/ and /d/
None of the above
```
/f/ and /m/
163
```
Which of the following is not part of speechreading?
Facial expressions
Situational cues
Residual hearing
Lipreading
None of the above
```
none of the above
164
```
Which of the following levels is the one in which patients are primarily responsible for the care and maintenance of their hearing aids, but may need assistance with such things as insertion and removal?
Full assistance level
Partial Assistance level
Independent level
Supervised-use level
```
Partial assistance level
165
```
Which of the following may cause falls in nursing homes?
Poor foot care or poorly fitting shoes
Walking or gait problems
Environmental hazards
Weakness
All of the above
```
all of the above
166
Appropriate written materials for elderly persons with dual sensory impairment should include all of the following BUT:
Widely spaced letters
Size 12 font
High contrasting between font and background
None of the above
Size 12 pt font
167
What are the main things that a college/university for a student with HL/HI? 5
```
1 Major
2 Entrance reqs
3 Accomodations for kids with HI
4 Self-identify HI on the application
5 Visit school (6 months prior)
```
168
What are good questions for a student to ask a college/university he/she is considering? 8
1. How does the school determine accommodations? Individualized? One-size fits all?
2. How does one ask for accommodations?
3. What documentation is required? Audiogram? Speech perception thresholds?
4. What accommodations can be made for persons with HI?
5. Are note taking services available?
6. Available sign-language interpreters? (ASL or Transliterations)/Making sure the interpreters are available when you need them
7. Dormitories equipped w/ HAT? (Smoke detectors w/ visual, Televisions w/ closed captioning)
8. What are policies and procedures for notifying and interacting with the faculty?
169
What are different note taking services? 3
CAN; C-Print; CART
170
___ if I sign and another person writes down exactly what I am saying in sign - not interpreting.
Transliterations
171
What is the biggest part of preparing a HL/HI student for child?
teaching them how to advocate for themselves
172
What are the two main different kinds of middle-aged adults with HI, which require different techniques?
Gradual or Sudden HL
173
What are causes of sudden HL?
aterosclerosis
meniere's disease
meningitis
174
What goes into vocational rehab? (Basic 2)
1 Help secure and maintain employment
| 2 Eligibility requirements for disability
175
What are the eligibility requirements like for receiving disability? 4
1 Mental or physical disability
2 Requires assistance to obtain and maintain a job
3 Receives SSI or SSDI
4 Desires to obtain a job
176
What is the role of the vocational rehab professional? 4
1 Collects information about patient’s current abilities, resources, difficulties, and goals
2 Assists patient in establishing priorities
3 Assists in managing resources available, both in community and what might be available to the patient through other entities
4 Assists in problem solving communication difficulties that may be experienced on the job
177
of Americans who experience some form of tinnitus
= > 50 million
178
that require medical attention for tinnitus
12 million
179
of people that report tinnitus to be debilitating.
2 million
180
What are causes of tinnitus? 8
```
1 Noise-induced hearing loss
2 Cerumen build up middle ear
3 Some medications - aspirin; ototoxic meds
4 Ear or sinus infection
5 Jaw misalignment
6 Heart disease
7 Tumors
8 Head/Neck trauma
```
181
What are treatments of tinnitus? (6)
```
No specific treatment recommended:
1 Masking devices
2 Fan or radio noise while sleeping
3 Drug therapy
4 Biofeedback
5 Acupuncture
6 Tinnitus Retraining Therapy*
```
182
What goes into Tinnitus Retraining Therapy? 3
1 Provides education and sound therapy
2 Based on Neurophysiological Model of Tinnitus
3 Habituation
183
What are the steps in Tinnitus Retraining Therapy? 3
1 Understand neurophysiological rationale behind this treatment takes away the “mystery” of tinnitus
2 Avoid silence by having sounds occurring- but not to point of masking tinnitus
3 Self-examinaiton of negative reactions during brief periods of time while practicing relaxation techniques that manages both
the emotional and physiological reactions
184
___ provides information sent to other parts of the nervous system responsible
for eye-movement, vestibular-ocular reflex, and posture.
Vestibular system
185
___ integrates information from vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems.
Brainstem
186
What happens when vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems do not work in unison? 3
1 Imbalance
2 Vertigo
3 Nausea
187
What are causes of vestibular issues? 8
1 Benign paroxysomal positional vertigo (BPPV)
2 Cerebellar degeneration (disease or normal aging)
3 Chemical and pharmacological vestibular toxins (aspirin or environmental toxins)
4 Head trauma
5 Labyrinthitis
6 Meniere’s disease
7 Strokes and vascular problems
8 Vestibular Neuritis
188
What are contraindications for vestibular rehab? 2
1 Migraines
| 2 Demyelinating diseases - MS, Myasthenia Gravis
189
_____ is a hearing issue related to a leisure or vocational situation which causes loss.
Noise induced hearing loss
190
_______ is what happens when exposed to loud sounds for a short time (2-3 hours). Over time can result in permanent shift.
Temporary Threshold Shift
191
______ is what happens when exposed to loud sounds over longer periods of time.
Permanent Threshold Shift
192
_____ is one is exposed to in the workplace.
Occupational noise exposure
193
What are 3 different hearing conservation methods?
1 In house Programs - employed by the company
2 Out (of) house Programs - private practice comes in and assesses
3 Combined Programs
194
_____ include audiologists, managers, data collectors/management, physicians, plan managers, and safety specialists.
Hearing conservation program team members
195
____ is a tool for measuring noise.
Sound level meter
196
what are 3 different types of noise?
1 Continuous sound - buzz, which is eventually tune out
2 Intermittent - more noticeable, but you have to catch it to make sure for temporary threshold shift
3 Impulse
197
What are 2 levels we look for on sound level meters?
1 Action level - something has to change!
| 2 Permissible level (5 dB time-intensity trade-off law, if over time
198
What are controls for NIHL? 3
1 Engineering Controls (with trade-offs; less quickly, move to a different location, work remotely)
2 Administrative Controls (work times with breaks from noise)
3 Hearing Protection (ear plugs; ear muffs)
199
What is considered "school-aged"for aural rehab?
3-18 (21)
200
Who defines what are school-aged children?
Federal definitions of hearing impairment and deafness
201
What is the difference in Hearing Impairment and Deafness?
degree of HL and success of amplification
202
Why isn't there specific audiometric criteria for HI and deafness?
b/c of states descisions: ea ch w/ HL will need prescriptive guidelines not just based on the audiogram but many other variables in addition
203
What are the 3 main categories of speech affected by HL? 3
voice, prosody, and artic
204
How does HL/HI affect voice? 2
1 dependent upon respiration and phonation (needs feedback)
| 2 dependent on auditory feedback
205
What are voice quality issues common to people with HL/HI? 4
breathiness, harshness, hypernasality, and degree is somewhat dependent upon the nature and degree of HL
206
What are the effects of HL/HI on prosody? 3
1 subtle change (prosody is subtle)
2 may be difficult to detect other's prosody
3 therefore difficult to produce in his/her own speech
207
____ is intonation changes signaled by changes in a pseaker's fundamental frequency.
Prosody
208
What are the effects of HL/HI on articulation? 5
1 deletions, distortions, substitutions
2 both vowels and consonants- vowel neutralizations,
3 consonant voicing errors,
4 consonant errors are more common with consonants that are more difficult to see,
5 consonant errors are more common with consonants in medial and final positions of words- most of acoustic energy at the beginning of the word
209
____ the understanding of the sound system of a language is dependent upon repeated incidental exposure.
Phonology
210
____ relates to vocabulary and lexical deficits.
Semantic deficits
211
What is the difficult in treating semantics in kids with HL?
must be taught in context, dependent on incidental learning, and its organization of the lexicon is dependent upon strong phonological representations
212
What are the two types of morpho-syntactical deficits in pts with HL? 2
1 Production of agrammatical forms (Inaccurate morphological combinations, Clausal errors)
2 Production of simpler than typical forms
(Over reliance on SVO structure)
213
What are 3 types of pragmatic deficits for ch with HL?
1 Conversational turn lags
2 Atypical eye contact
3 Over-reliance on touch to get a partner’s attention
214
What are several negative psychosocial effects of HL? 4
1 Parental emotions of grief, anger, guilt may impede child’s development
2 Learned helplessness
3 Risk aversion
4 Better with exposure/interaction with typically hearing peers
215
What are federal laws which have provisions for school-aged ch with HL? 2
1 IDEA – Section 504 of the rehabilitation act
| 2 ADA
216
___ is a range of different situations that a child with HL can be schooled from a regular school to a separate school for ch w/ HL/disabilities.
Continuum of Mainstreaming
217
What are the two extremes on the continuum of mainstreaming?
```
Complete segregation (school for the deaf)
Complete integration (in regular ed classroom with typically hearing peers)
```
218
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the teachers? 2
1 Willingness/ability to adapt curricular materials
| 2 Willingness/ability to use HAT (not avail in some rural areas)
219
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the classroom/school? 3
```
1 Adequately funded for staff and technology
2 Small class size
3 Appropriate classroom acoustics and lighting
```
220
What are the characteristics of successful mainstreaming for HL for the students? 4
1 Appropriate behaviors for age and grade
2 Adequate speech and language for success
3 Realistic expectations of parents and self
4 Self-advocacy skills
221
____ is tailored to each student’s specific needs and parents take part in construction.
Individualized Education Plan
222
What are two characteristics of an IEP? What age are IEPs for?
1 Tailored to each student’s specific needs
2 Parents take part in construction
- School-age (ages 3-21)
223
What accommodations should be included with IEPs? 2
1 Adaptations to educational practices that allow access to the curriculum for children with disabilities
2 Individually tailored to meet the needs of each child
224
What are related services/supplementary aids for ch with HL/HI? 2
1 interpreting services
| 2 HAT
225
What is the role of the educational audiologist? 5
```
1 identification
2 diagnosis
3 selecting, fitting, and managing amplification
4 prevention of HL
5 counseling and guidance
```
226
What are some aspects to identiying HL by educational audiologists?
* NOT usually done by audiologists in TX!*
1 “Screening should be done liberally” - Need to be well trained
2 Children with (C)APD
3 May pass hearing screen
- Behave as if they have a hearing loss
-Difficult to differentiate from a garden-variety receptive language disorder
227
What goes into diagnosis of HL by educational audiologist? 2
1 In conjunction with the medical home (more limited power than traditional audiologist)
2 Collaboration with ENTs, Other Audiologists, GPs (usually confirm audiologist's diagnosis)
228
Children with ___ may pass a hearing screening but behave as if they have a HL.
(C)APD
229
What goes in to selecting, fitting, and managing amplification for educational audiologists? 5
1 Selecting both personal and group amplification systems
2 Determining their effectiveness in meeting the child’s educational needs (Parts and service)
3 Listening checks, monitoring function/condition of personal devices
4 Provision of “loaner” devices
5 Other HAT concerns re:
(FM systems, Remote microphone hearing assistance technology - RMHAT)
230
What goes in to prevention of HL for educational audiologists? 2
1 Managing noise around the school
| 2 Educating students, parents and teachers about proper use of personal listening devices
231
What goes in to counseling and guidance for educational audiologists? 3
1 Informational counseling
2 Personal adjustment counseling
(Helping children tell their stories, clarify their problems, and set goals, devise and use strategies)
3 Staff inservices
232
What is the role of the SLP for HL/HI in the school-aged population? 2
Garden variety sp & lang treatment with:
1 Different types of disorders (HL is different!)
2 Different focus of treatment (HL is different!)
233
What different accommodations are available to HL/HI children? 6
```
1 Acoustic environment
2 Acoustical treatment
3 Classroom type and teaching style
4 HAT
5 Grading Accommodations
6 Behavioral and Social Accommodations
```
234
What accommodations for acoustic environment for HL/HI school-aged children? 6
```
1 Level of ambient noise
2 SNR measurements – and remedies!
3 What is the signal in a classroom?
4 What is the noise?
5 Reverberation measurements
6 Assurance that auditory signals (fire alarms, bells, announcements) are paired with visual signals
```
235
What accommodations for acoustic treatment for HL/HI school-aged children? 2
(Building materials)
1 Noise absorbing
2 Noise barriers
236
What accommodations for Classroom type and for HL/HI school-aged children? 6
```
1 Closed classrooms
2 Open area concepts
3 Split grade levels
4 Portable classrooms
5 Square foot to student ratio
6 Use devices that allow for visual (lipreading) cues
```
237
What accommodations for teaching style and for HL/HI school-aged children? 5
```
1 Interactive
2 Didactic
3 Small group instruction
4 Team teaching
5 Independent work periods
```
238
What accommodations for HAT and for HL/HI school-aged children? 4
1 Sound field amplification (Not just beneficial for the kids- Teachers’ voices benefit too)
2 Personal FM systems (with the goal of improving SNR)
3 Interpreters - ASL If the student uses sign
4 Interpreters - Provide notes for the child
239
What accommodations for Grading accommodations for HL/HI school-aged children? 5
1 Modified vocabulary
2 Graphic cues
3 Alternative forms of response
4 Reduced length of tests and assignments
5 Grading adaptations (Narratives, Contract grading - grading based on agreement, Grading of parts of assignments)
240
What accommodations for Behavioral and Social Accommodations for HL/HI school-aged children? 3
1 Children who are deaf or hearing impaired
probably don’t misbehave any more than children who hear typically
2 Teachers and p gy arents need to work together to lay boundaries and enforce consequences
3 Bullying (power differential; cyber-x)
241
What are the direct service delivery methods? 3
1 Auditory-Verbal
2 Verbotonal
3 The Erber Approach
242
The main goal of ___ is to restore hearing impaired people into a hearing community, must use audition all the time.
Auditory-verbal
243
What are the goals and method of auditory verbal?
goal: restore them to the hearing community
method: unisensory - hearing only, cannot use vision to help communication ( also use parent coaching and direct treatment
Manage the environment)
244
What are 10 skills in AVT?
```
1 Auditory awareness and perception (pointing to sounds and draw attention to sounds)
2 Auditory attention and Inhibition
3 Auditory feedback and monitoring
4 Auditory memory
5 Distance hearing
6 Localization
7 Discrimination
8 Auditory memory span and sequencing
9 Auditory processing
10 Auditory understanding (taking old information and applying it to new information)
```
245
What is the Verbotonal approach? 5
1 Predominantly unisensory – although visual cues are allowed
2 Parent involvement is key – although they’re not often included in treatment sessions
3 May include a vibratory panel to enhance the input of the timing components of speech
4 Situational teaching
5 Learn sounds in hierarchy of “tonality”
246
What is the Erber method? 3
1 Also auditory
2 Parents important, but do not participate in treatment sessions routinely
3 Every day activities
247
What is Erber's Hierarchy of Auditory Skills? 4
1 Detection
2 Discrimination
3 Identification
4 Comprehension
248
What is Erber's Hierarchy of Stimulus items? 6
```
1 Speech elements
2 Syllables
3Words
4 Phrases
5 Sentences
6 Discourse
```
249
What is required for assessments? 3
1 Standardized tests administered in a standardized way
2 Informal assessments
3 Both are necessary both are valuable
250
What is (C)APD? 3
1 Central Auditory Processing Disorder - Fair amount of over diagnosis
2 Evaluation must be comprehensive and
multidisciplinary
3 Differential diagnosis with Receptive Language disorder (SLI), Attention deficit disorder (or ADHD) & Behavior disorder
251
What is AN/AD? 3
1 Auditory Neuropathy/Auditory Dysynchronicity - Best to rely on your audiologist for diagnosis and guidance with this disorder
2 Difficult to diagnose accurately
3 Difficult to manage given shifts in performance over time
252
What is Tinnitus? 3
A constant buzz or hum:
1 Children who complain of tinnitus need to be immediately referred to a physician.
2 Not uncommon in children with CIs
3 Fairly uncommon in typically hearing children
253
What is Dual Sensory Impairment? 4
Both visual and auditory deficits:
1 Limited opportunities to explore their environments
2 Difficulty with new experiences
3 Assessment and treatment needs to be
multidisciplinary
4 Focus on input of sensory information by whatever means necessary - vibrotactile aids; hand mats, augmentative/assistive technology
254
What do we need to know about abuse and neglect? 5
1 School employees and healthcare workers are mandatory reporters
2 You will have a lot more opportunity to learn about this topic in your careers
3 Allegations must be founded on real evidence
4 You may be asked to testify concerning your observations
5 Consequences of reporting are significant Consequences of NOT reporting are even more significant
255
Situations in which children could solve one type of problem using mature thinking skills, but could not accomplish this for less familiar problems, a phenomenon he called ___.
horizontal decalage
256
What is HRQoL?
Health Related Quality of Life
257
_____ adults btw 18-64 years of age are HOH.
3.8 million
258
____ adults are functionally deaf.
440,000
259
What are the aspects of HRQoL?
1 personal fullfilment (Satisfaction w/ self)
2 physical and material well being (health and ability to care for one's self)
3 adult role fullfilment (education and career)
260
One of the parts of IDEA is that at 16, there has to be a ___ on their ____.
transition plan; IEP
261
What is a problem with IDEA's transition aspect?
many kids drop out well before 16
262
What goes into Vocational Rehab? 5
1 Guide and counsel toward job goals
2 Refer and collaborate with physician and other healthcare professionals
3 Supports training and education
4 Assists in finding: Short-term job placement, Transitional support, Securing regular employment)
5 Assist w/ obtaining assistive technology
263
What goes into enrolling in college for students with HL? 4
1 Need to provide supporting documentation (Recent (w/in last year to 3 years)) - SINCE IT'S UP TO THE PARENTS/STUDENTS TO ASK
2 How and by whom the diagnosis was made
3 How the diagnosis affects FUNCTIONING in ADLs
4 Need to request specific accommodations - TRANSITION TO SELF-ADVOCACY
264
```
Over the next 50 years, the number of elderly persons with hearing loss is expected to…
Decrease
Stay the same
Increase
None of the above
```
Increase
265
```
Which of the following has the characteristic of poor speech recognition when compared against the audiogram?
Mechanical presbycusis
Metabolic presbycusis
Sensory prebycusis
Neural presbycusis
```
Neural Presbycusis
266
```
Hearing loss is the ___ most common chronic healthcare condition in the elderly.
Ninth
Sixth
Third
None of the Above
```
Third
267
```
The ability to raise and lower the arms is known as ...
Proximal manual dexterity
Fine motor coordination
Distal manual dexterity
None of the above
```
proximal manual dexterity
268
```
Photoreceptors in the eye are known as ...
Retinal vessels
Rods and cones
The lens
None of the above
```
Rods and cones
269
```
Clouding of the lens of the eye is known as ...
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Macular degeneration
None of the above
```
Cataracts
270
```
Which of the following medications may increase the risk of falling?
Antihypertensive drugs
Cardiac medications
Major tranquilizers
Corticosteroids
All of the above
```
All of the above
271
```
Which of the following facts about Alzheimer's is/are NOT true?
Most often starts after age 60 years
100 million Americans have it
Prevalence increases with age
None of the above
```
100 million Americans have it
272
```
Which of the following has the capacity of 5 to 7 items permitting the retention of small bits of information?
Short-term memory
Long-term memory
Sensory memory
None of the above
```
Short-term memory
273
```
Which of the following has a characteristic of an essentially positive attitude toward hearing aids and auditory rehabilitation, but the patient presents with some complicating factor?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
None of the above
```
Type II
274
```
When a patient says, “I may have a problem (hearing), but I don’t need to get treatment for it yet?,” they are at what level of acknowledgement?
nonacknowledgement
complete acknowledgement
partial acknowledgement
none of the above
```
partial acknowledgement
275
Which of the following principles are not consistent with Smith and West’s (2006) suggestions for developing self-efficacy?
Setting vague and ambiguous goals
Starting with simple skills and progressing toward more difficulty tasks
Suggesting practice of skills at home
Engaging in role play
None of the above
setting vague and ambitious goals
276
```
Which of the following principles is not consistent with Adult Learning Theory?
Experience is used as a tool
Self-concept promotes self-direction
Motivation is external
All of the above
A and B
B and C
A and C
None of the above
```
motivation is external
277
```
Which of the following pairs of phonemes are not members of the same viseme group?
/f/ and /m/
/p/ and /b/
/t/ and /d/
None of the above
```
/f/ and /m/
278
```
Which of the following is not part of speechreading?
Facial expressions
Situational cues
Residual hearing
Lipreading
None of the above
```
none of the above
279
```
Which of the following levels is the one in which patients are primarily responsible for the care and maintenance of their hearing aids, but may need assistance with such things as insertion and removal?
Full assistance level
Partial Assistance level
Independent level
Supervised-use level
```
Partial assistance level
280
```
Which of the following may cause falls in nursing homes?
Poor foot care or poorly fitting shoes
Walking or gait problems
Environmental hazards
Weakness
All of the above
```
all of the above
281
Appropriate written materials for elderly persons with dual sensory impairment should include all of the following BUT:
Widely spaced letters
Size 12 font
High contrasting between font and background
None of the above
Size 12 pt font
282
What are the main things that a college/university for a student with HL/HI? 5
```
1 Major
2 Entrance reqs
3 Accomodations for kids with HI
4 Self-identify HI on the application
5 Visit school (6 months prior)
```
283
What are good questions for a student to ask a college/university he/she is considering? 8
1. How does the school determine accommodations? Individualized? One-size fits all?
2. How does one ask for accommodations?
3. What documentation is required? Audiogram? Speech perception thresholds?
4. What accommodations can be made for persons with HI?
5. Are note taking services available?
6. Available sign-language interpreters? (ASL or Transliterations)/Making sure the interpreters are available when you need them
7. Dormitories equipped w/ HAT? (Smoke detectors w/ visual, Televisions w/ closed captioning)
8. What are policies and procedures for notifying and interacting with the faculty?
284
What are different note taking services? 3
CAN; C-Print; CART
285
___ if I sign and another person writes down exactly what I am saying in sign - not interpreting.
Transliterations
286
What is the biggest part of preparing a HL/HI student for child?
teaching them how to advocate for themselves
287
What are the two main different kinds of middle-aged adults with HI, which require different techniques?
Gradual or Sudden HL
288
What are causes of sudden HL?
aterosclerosis
meniere's disease
meningitis
289
What goes into vocational rehab? (Basic 2)
1 Help secure and maintain employment
| 2 Eligibility requirements for disability
290
What are the eligibility requirements like for receiving disability? 4
1 Mental or physical disability
2 Requires assistance to obtain and maintain a job
3 Receives SSI or SSDI
4 Desires to obtain a job
291
What is the role of the vocational rehab professional? 4
1 Collects information about patient’s current abilities, resources, difficulties, and goals
2 Assists patient in establishing priorities
3 Assists in managing resources available, both in community and what might be available to the patient through other entities
4 Assists in problem solving communication difficulties that may be experienced on the job
292
of Americans who experience some form of tinnitus
= > 50 million
293
that require medical attention for tinnitus
12 million
294
of people that report tinnitus to be debilitating.
2 million
295
What are causes of tinnitus? 8
```
1 Noise-induced hearing loss
2 Cerumen build up middle ear
3 Some medications - aspirin; ototoxic meds
4 Ear or sinus infection
5 Jaw misalignment
6 Heart disease
7 Tumors
8 Head/Neck trauma
```
296
What are treatments of tinnitus? (6)
```
No specific treatment recommended:
1 Masking devices
2 Fan or radio noise while sleeping
3 Drug therapy
4 Biofeedback
5 Acupuncture
6 Tinnitus Retraining Therapy*
```
297
What goes into Tinnitus Retraining Therapy? 3
1 Provides education and sound therapy
2 Based on Neurophysiological Model of Tinnitus
3 Habituation
298
What are the steps in Tinnitus Retraining Therapy? 3
1 Understand neurophysiological rationale behind this treatment takes away the “mystery” of tinnitus
2 Avoid silence by having sounds occurring- but not to point of masking tinnitus
3 Self-examinaiton of negative reactions during brief periods of time while practicing relaxation techniques that manages both
the emotional and physiological reactions
299
___ provides information sent to other parts of the nervous system responsible
for eye-movement, vestibular-ocular reflex, and posture.
Vestibular system
300
___ integrates information from vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems.
Brainstem
301
What happens when vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems do not work in unison? 3
1 Imbalance
2 Vertigo
3 Nausea
302
What are causes of vestibular issues? 8
1 Benign paroxysomal positional vertigo (BPPV)
2 Cerebellar degeneration (disease or normal aging)
3 Chemical and pharmacological vestibular toxins (aspirin or environmental toxins)
4 Head trauma
5 Labyrinthitis
6 Meniere’s disease
7 Strokes and vascular problems
8 Vestibular Neuritis
303
What are contraindications for vestibular rehab? 2
1 Migraines
| 2 Demyelinating diseases - MS, Myasthenia Gravis
304
_____ is a hearing issue related to a leisure or vocational situation which causes loss.
Noise induced hearing loss
305
_______ is what happens when exposed to loud sounds for a short time (2-3 hours). Over time can result in permanent shift.
Temporary Threshold Shift
306
______ is what happens when exposed to loud sounds over longer periods of time.
Permanent Threshold Shift
307
_____ is one is exposed to in the workplace.
Occupational noise exposure
308
What are 3 different hearing conservation methods?
1 In house Programs - employed by the company
2 Out (of) house Programs - private practice comes in and assesses
3 Combined Programs
309
_____ include audiologists, managers, data collectors/management, physicians, plan managers, and safety specialists.
Hearing conservation program team members
310
____ is a tool for measuring noise.
Sound level meter
311
what are 3 different types of noise?
1 Continuous sound - buzz, which is eventually tune out
2 Intermittent - more noticeable, but you have to catch it to make sure for temporary threshold shift
3 Impulse
312
What are 2 levels we look for on sound level meters?
1 Action level - something has to change!
| 2 Permissible level (5 dB time-intensity trade-off law, if over time
313
What are controls for NIHL? 3
1 Engineering Controls (with trade-offs; less quickly, move to a different location, work remotely)
2 Administrative Controls (work times with breaks from noise)
3 Hearing Protection (ear plugs; ear muffs)
