Bacterial A+P

Question 1

Glycocalyx

Answer 1

substance that surrounds cell

sticky, gelatinous material composed of polysaccharides

Question 2

Capsule

Answer 2

organized and firmly attached to cell wall

Question 3

Capsule function

Answer 3

protects bacteria Fromm phagocytosis
protects bacteria from drying out
may provide a food source
used to type bacteria
used to diagnose infection

Question 4

Slime layer

Answer 4

unorganized and loosely attached to cell wall

Question 5

Slime layer function

Answer 5

protects cells within it
facilitates communication among cells
enables cells to survive by attaching to various surfaces

Question 6

Flagella - Atrichous

Answer 6

lack flagella

Question 7

Flagella - Polar

Answer 7

at one or both ends of cells

Question 8

Monotrichous polar flagella

Answer 8

a single flagellum at one end

Question 9

Lophotrichous polar flagella

Answer 9

a tuft of flagella coming from one end

Question 10

Amphitrichous polar flagella

Answer 10

flagella at both ends of cell

Question 11

Flagella - Peritrichous

Answer 11

distributed over entire cell

Question 12

H antigen

Answer 12

flagellar protein that can be used to identify variations within a species

Question 13

Fimbriae

Answer 13

can occur at poles or over entire surface

a few to several hundred in number

Question 14

Fimbriae function

Answer 14

allow bacteria to adhere to each other and surfaces (biofilms)
allow bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces

Question 15

Pili

Answer 15

usually longer and number only one or two per cell

Question 16

Gram negative cell wall

Answer 16

Lipopolysaccharides

Porin proteins

Question 17

Lipopolysaccharides

Answer 17

Lipid A

O polysaccharide

Question 18

Lipid A

Answer 18

responsible for symptoms associated with gram neg bacterial infections

Question 19

O polysaccharide

Answer 19

extends outward from core polysaccharide and function as an antigen that is useful in distinguishing gram negative bacteria

Question 20

Porin proteins

Answer 20

forms channel that allows in nutrients (some antibiotics enter this way)

Question 21

Gram positive cell wall

Answer 21

lipoteichoic acid
carbohydrates
protein A

Question 22

Lipoteichoic acid

Answer 22

not present in gram neg bacteria
may aid in attachment to mammalian cells
can cause endotoxin like response

Question 23

Carbohydrates

Answer 23

allows for identifying different groups of strep
20 different groups A-V
groups A and B most common

Question 24

Protein A

Answer 24

anti phagocytic

used in lab for ID

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

thick, aqueous substance that contains enzymes, carbs, lipids, inorganic ions and low molecular weight compounds

Question 26

Nucleocapsid

Answer 26

contains a single, long, circular thread of double stranded DNA that contains all of the info required for the cells structures and functions
takes up 10% of cell volume bc of supercoiling

Question 27

Plasmids

Answer 27

small usually circular double stranded DNA molecules that are extra chromosomal
can provide an advantage by carrying genes for antibiotic resistance and toxin production

Question 28

Transformation

Answer 28

genetic info transferred from one to another as naked DNA in a solution

Question 29

Conjugation

Answer 29

mediated by plasmids
requires direct cell to cell contact (sex pili or mating bridge)
conjugating cells must be of opposite mating type

Question 30

Transduction

Answer 30

bacterial DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell inside a virus that infects bacteria(bacteriophage)
toxin production in some due to this transfer

Question 31

Ribosomes

Answer 31

responsible for protein synthesis
bacterial are 70S
human are 80S

Question 32

Endospores

Answer 32

“resting” cells

when released, they can survive extreme heat, lack of water, and exposure to many toxic chemicals and radiation