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Microbiology > Mycobacteria > Flashcards

Mycobacteria Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Vertical transmission

A

transmission of organism from mother to fetus

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2
Q

TORCH

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Cytomegalovirus
Human papillomavirus HPV

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3
Q

Mycobacteria general info

A

Slender, non motile, non spore forming, obligate aerobes
resist gram staining because of lipids in their cell wall that prevent penetration of crystal violet and safranin
referred to as acid fast bacilli (AFB)

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4
Q

Mycobacteria staining

A

Ziehl neelsen
Kinyoun
Fluorochrome

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5
Q

Ziehl neelson stain

A

requires heating during staining

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6
Q

Kinyoun stain

A

does not require heating

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7
Q

Fluorochrome stain

A

with auramine/rhodamine staining as the primary stain

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8
Q

2% NaOH

A

used for decontamination

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9
Q

NALC

A

mucolytic agentthat liquefies mucus in respiratory specimens, releasing the mycobacteria

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10
Q

LJ media

A

agar based and contains egg components for growth and malachite green to inhibit growth of normal flora

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11
Q

Middlebrook agar

A

contains 2% glycerol to support better growth of some species

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12
Q

Photochromogens

A

produce non pigmented colonies when grown in the dark and pigmented colonies after exposure to light

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13
Q

Scotochromogens

A

produce deep yellow to orange pigmented colonies when grown in either light or dark

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14
Q

Nonchromogens

A

non pigmented in both light and dark

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15
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis test

A

skin test

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16
Q

TB skin test

A

injected intradermally and examined 24 hours later for redness and swelling
(+) indicates previous exposure but not necessarily active

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17
Q

M. TB first line drugs

A

Isoniazid
Rifampin
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide

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18
Q

Isoniazid drug

A

inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid

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19
Q

Rifampin drug

A

inhibits RNA synthesis by inhibiting RNA polymerase

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20
Q

Ethambutol drug

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

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21
Q

Pyrazinamide drug

A

inhibits multiple targets such as energy production and translation of mRNA

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22
Q

Multidrug (R) M. TB

A

simultaneous (R) to both isoniazid and rifampin

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23
Q

extremely drug (R) M. TB

Study These Flashcards
A

(R) to isoniazid and rifampin, plus (R) to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the 3 second line drugs (capreomycin, kanamycin, amikacin)

24
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

Study These Flashcards
A

causes TB in warm blooded animals

human disease is zoonosis

25
Mycobacterium kansasii info
isolated from tap water no person to person spread rarely disseminates
26
Mycobacterium marinum info
fresh and saltwater typical infections involve skin usually presents as single nodular lesion confined to one extremity fish tank or swimming pool granuloma
27
Mycobacterium gordonae info
freshwater (tap water) rarely pathogenic - isolated as contaminant in labs can lead to pseudo outbreaks
28
Mycobacterium marinum
fish tank or swimming pool granuloma
29
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum info
environmental water source | causes scrofula in children
30
Mycobacterium xenopi info
hot water systems causes primary pulmonary disease nosocomial and pseudo infection from water storage tanks in hospitals
31
Mycobacterium avium complex info
important pathogens of poultry and swine most common environmental causing disease in humans isolated in up to 20% cystic fibrosis patients
32
M avium antimicrobial therapy
Clarithromycin Rifampin Ethambutol Rifabutin
33
Clarithromycin drug
protein synthesis inhibitor
34
Rifabutin drug
inhibits RNA synthesis
35
Mycobacterium haemophilum info
multiple painful subcutaneous nodules commonly involving extremities eyebrow and tattoo procedures ferric ammonium citrate or hemin is growth requirement
36
Mycobacterium ulcerans info
stagnant water | causes painless lump under skin - shallow non healing ulcer
37
M ulcerans - Africa
Buruli ulcer
38
M ulcerans - Australia
Bairnsdale ulcer
39
Mycobacterium fortuitum info
post traumatic wound infections, osteomyelitis, joint infections and infections of the eye
40
Mycobacterium chelonae info
disseminated cutaneous disease | outbreaks occurred after acupuncture therapy
41
Mycobacterium abscessus info
``` pulmonary infections (cystic fibrosis patients) chronic otitis media (associated with ear tube placement) ```
42
Mycobacterium leprae info
humans reservoir with shedding from nose (armadillo) causes leprosy (Hansens disease) cannot be cultured using agar or liquid based culture media
43
M. tuberculosis ID
optimal growth 37C niacin (+) nitrate (+) growth on T2H (+)
44
M. bovis ID
optimal growth 37C
45
M. kansasii ID
``` optimal growth 37C photochromogen nitrate (+) semiquantx catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) ```
46
M. marinum ID
optimal growth 30C photochromogen growth on T2H (+)
47
M. gordonae ID
``` optimal growth 37C scotochromogen semiquant catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) ```
48
M. scrofulaceum ID
``` optimal growth 37C scotochromogen semiquant catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) ```
49
M. xenopi ID
optimal growth 42C scotochromogen 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+)
50
M. avium ID
optimal growth 37C | growth on T2H (+)
51
M. haemophilum ID
optimal growth 30C | growth on T2H (+)
52
M. ulcerans ID
optimal growth 30C 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+)
53
M. fortuitum ID
``` optimal growth 30C growth rate <=7 days nitrate (+) semiquant catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) growth on MAC (+) iron uptake (+) ```
54
M. abscessus ID
``` optimal growth 30C growth rate <=7 days semiquant catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) growth on MAC (+) ```
55
M. chelonae ID
``` optimal growth 30C growth rate <=7 days niacin (+/-) semiquant catalase >45 68C catalase (+) growth on T2H (+) ```

Microbiology (37 decks)

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