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Microbiology > Parasites - Helmiths > Flashcards

Parasites - Helmiths Flashcards

1
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides infectious stage

A

consume fertilized egg

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2
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides diagnostic stage

A

unfertilized egg will not undergo further development

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3
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides info

A

most common helminthic infection

internal yolk sac

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4
Q

Enterobius vermicularis infectious stage

A

embryonated eggs ingested by human

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5
Q

Enterobius vermicularis diagnostic stage

A

eggs on perianal folds

larvae inside the eggs mature with 4-6 hours

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6
Q

Enterobius vermicularis info

A 
school/pre school children
perianal itching (pruritus)
collect early morning tape prep
thin smooth transparent shell flattened side
fin like expansion
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7
Q

Enterobius vermicularis classification

A

Pinworm

Nematode - roundworm

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8
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides classification

A

Nematode - roundworm

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9
Q

Trichuris trichiura infectious stage

A

embryonated eggs are ingested

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10
Q

Trichuris trichiura diagnostic stage

A

unembryonated eggs passed in feces

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11
Q

Trichuris trichiura info

A

barrel shaped
thick shelled
polar plugs at each end
whip like anterior

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12
Q

Trichuris trichiura classification

A

Whipworm

Nematode - roundworm

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13
Q

Trichinella spiralis infectious stage

A

ingestion of undercooked meat

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14
Q

Trichinella spiralis diagnostic stage

A

encysted larva in striated muscle

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15
Q

Trichinella spiralis info

A

treatment - thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole
intestinal tissue invasion (1 week post)
striated muscle tissue invasion (2 week post)

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16
Q

Trichinella spiralis classification

A

Nematode - Roundworm

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17
Q

Dracunculus medinensis infectious stage

A

larvae undergoes two molts in the copepod and becomes L3 larvae

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18
Q

Dracunculus medinensis diagnostic stage

A

female worm begins to emerge from the skin one year after infection

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19
Q

Dracunculus medinensis info

A

worm - whitish filament can be removed from center of ulceration
fluid discharge by worm - rhabditiform larvae
female in human host
remove using a stick to role and remove

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20
Q

Dracunculus medinensis classification

A

Guinea Worm disease

Nematode - roundworm

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21
Q

Toxocara canis/cati infectious stage

A

embryonated egg with larva

transplacental or transmammary

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22
Q

Toxocara canis/cati diagnostic stage

A

larvae in tissues

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23
Q

Toxocara canis/cati info

A

Cats/dogs
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) - preschool, larvae invade multiple tissues
Ocular larva migrans (OLM) - older/adults, larvae produce ophthalmologic lesions
3 “lips” on anterior end

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24
Q

Toxocara canis/cati classification

A

Nematode - roundworm

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25
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale infectious stage

A

Flariform larva penetrates skin

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26
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale diagnostic stage

A

eggs in feces

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27
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale info

A 
2nd most common helminthic infection
Loefflers syndrome
"ground itch"
oval, thin shelled, smooth, non pigmented and transparent
A. duo = 2 pairs teeth
A American = pair of cutting plates
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28
Q

Ancylostoma duodenale classification

A

Nematode - hookworm

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29
Q

Necator americanus infectious stage

A

Flariform larva penetrate skin

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30
Q

Necator americanus diagnostic stage

A

eggs in feces

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31
Q

Necator americanus info

A

2nd most common helminthic infection
Loefflers syndrome
“ground itch”
oval, thin shelled, smooth, non pigmented and transparent

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32
Q

Necator americanus classification

A

nematode - hookworm

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33
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis infectious stage

A

Infective flariform larvae penetrate the intact skin initiating infection
Autoinfection: Rhabditiform larvae in large intestine, become flariform larvae, penetrate intestinal mucosa or perianal skin, and migrate randomly to other organs
Flariform migrate to various pathways to the small intestine where they become adults

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34
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis diagnostic stage

A

Rhabditiform larvae in intestine are excreted in stool

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35
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis info

A

blood eosinophilia during acute and chronic stages

NO eggs

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36
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis classification

A

Nematode - hookworm

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37
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti infectious stage

A

Microfilariae develop to infective larvae in mosquito

Mosquito feeds on human and infective larvae enter skin

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38
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti diagnostic stage

A

Adult worms in lymphatic channels

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39
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti info

A

Anopheles or Aedes mosquito
6 months develop then leads to Elephantiasis
Nuclear column do NOT extend to tip of the tail

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40
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti classification

A

Nematode - Lymphatic filarial worm

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41
Q

Brugia malayi infectious stage

A

Mosquito takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter skin)

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42
Q

Brugia malayi diagnostic stage

A

Adults produce sheathed microfilariae that reach the blood stream

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43
Q

Brugia malayi info

A

Mansonia and Aedes mosquito
tapered tail, significant gap between terminal and subterminal nuclei
nocturnal periodicity

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44
Q

Brugia malayi classification

A

Nematode - lymphatic filarial worm

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45
Q

Loa loa infectious stage

A

Fly (genus Chrysops) takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)

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46
Q

Loa loa diagnostic stage

A

Adults produce sheathed microfilariae that are found in spinal fluid, urine, sputum, peripheral blood and lungs

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47
Q

Loa loa info

A

Tabanid fly (horse fly)
Calabar swellings
exhibit diurnal periodicity
uninterrupted column of nuclei extend to the tip
exterior sheath does not stain with giemsa

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48
Q

Loa loa classification

A

African eye worm

Nematode - Filarial worm

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49
Q

Mansonella streptocerca infectious stage

A

Midge (genus Culicoides) takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)

50
Q

Mansonella streptocerca diagnostic stage

A

Adults produce unsheathed microfilariae which reside in the skin but can reach the peripheral blood

51
Q

Mansonella streptocerca classification

A

Nematode - filarial worm

52
Q

Onchocerca volvus infectious stage

A

Black fly takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)

53
Q

Onchocerca volvus diagnostic stage

A

Adults produce unsheathed microfilariae - in skin and lymphatics of connective tissue

54
Q

Onchocerca volvus info

A

Simulium - black fly bite
leading cause of blindness
ocular lesions

55
Q

Onchocerca volvus classification

A

River blindness

Nematode - filarial worm

56
Q

Diphyllobathrium latum infectious stage

A

Infected crustacean ingested by freshwater fish

Procercoid larva released from crustacean, develops into plerocercoid larva

57
Q

Diphyllobathrium latum diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces

58
Q

Diphyllobathrium latum info

A 
Vit B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia
high burden of intestinal obstruction
>3000 proglottids
largest parasite
contains coiled uterus
59
Q

Diphyllobathrium latum classification

A

Giant fish tapeworm

Cestode - tapeworm

60
Q

Taenia saginata infectious stage

A

Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle

61
Q

Taenia saginata diagnostic stage

A

Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces and passed into environment

62
Q

Taenia saginata info

A

passage of proglottids in stool 1st indication of illness

63
Q

Taenia saginata classification

A

Beef Tapeworm

64
Q

Taenia solium infectious stage

A

Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle

65
Q

Taenia solium diagnostic stage

A

Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces and passed into environment

66
Q

Taenia solium info

A

more prevalent in communities where people live in close contact with pigs and eat undercooked pork

67
Q

Taenia solium

A

Cestode - tapeworm

68
Q

Hymenolepis nana infectious stage

A

Embryonated eggs in feces
Humans and rodents infected when they ingest cysticercoid infected arthropods
Autoinfection can occur of eggs remain in the intestine
The eggs then release the hexacanth embryo, which penetrates the intestinal villus continuing the cycle

69
Q

Hymenolepis nana diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated eggs in feces

70
Q

Hymenolepis nana info

A

most common cestode infection
protruding rostellum with a row 20-30 hooklets
pair of polar filaments on either side
outer shell, inner membrane with hexacanth (6 hooklets)

71
Q

Hymenolepis nana classification

A

Dwarf tapeworm

Cestode - tapeworm

72
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta infectious stage

A

Cysticerci in body cavity of insect ingested by rodent or human

73
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta diagnostic stage

A

Eggs passed in feces

74
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta info

A

striated outer membrane, space between 2 membranes smooth

oncosphere - hexacanth (6 hooklets)

75
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta classification

A

Rat tapeworm

Cestode - tapeworm

76
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infectious stage

A

Embryonated eggs in feces

77
Q

Echinococcus granulosus diagnostic stage

A

Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, etc

78
Q

Echinococcus granulosus info

A

canine infection
where dogs ingest organs from infected animals
ingestion of eggs from food/water or fomites contaminated with dog feces
migration from intestinal lumen to other body sites and develop into hydatid cysts

79
Q

Echinococcus granulosus classification

A

Cestode - tapeworm

80
Q

Fasciolopsis buski infectious stage

A

Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle

81
Q

Fasciolopsis buski diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces

82
Q

Fasciolopsis buski info

A

areas where humans raise pigs and consume freshwater plants

attachment to intestinal mucosa

83
Q

Fasciolopsis buski classification

A

Trematode - fluke

84
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes infectious stage

A

Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae

85
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated eggs each with a fully developed miracidium are passed in feces

86
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes info

A

migration of eggs to heart/brain
surface covered with minute spines
adults reside in small intestine of definitive host

87
Q

Heterophyes heterophyes classification

A

Trematode - fluke

88
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai infectious stage

A

Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae

89
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated eggs each with a fully developed miracidium are passed in feces

90
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai info

A

smallest liver fluke to infect humans

requires snail as intermediate host

91
Q

Metagonimus yokogawai classification

A

Trematode - fluke

92
Q

Clonorchis sienensis infectious stage

A

Metacercariae in flesh or skin of freshwater fish are ingested by human host

93
Q

Clonorchis sienensis diagnostic stage

A

Embryonated eggs passed in feces

94
Q

Clonorchis sienensis info

A

following ingestion of imported, undercooked or pickled freshwater fish containing metacercariae
inflammation and intermittent obstruction of biliary ducts

95
Q

Clonorchis sienensis classification

A

Trematode - liver fluke

96
Q

Paragonimus westermani infectious stage

A

Cercariae invade the crustacean and encyst into metacercariae

97
Q

Paragonimus westermani diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated eggs

98
Q

Paragonimus westermani info

A

acute - invasion and migration
chronic - pulmonary and extrapulmonary
oral and ventral suckers

99
Q

Paragonimus westermani classification

A

Trematode - liver fluke

100
Q

Fasciola hepatica infectious stage

A

Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle

101
Q

Fasciola hepatica diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces

102
Q

Fasciola hepatica info

A

area where sheep and cattle are raised and where humans ingest raw watercress
acute - migration immature fluke through hepatic parenchyma
chronic - adult fluke within bile duct

103
Q

Fasciola hepatica classification

A

Trematode - liver fluke

104
Q

Schistosoma japonicum infectious stage

A

Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming

105
Q

Schistosoma japonicum diagnostic stage

A

Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools

In urine - venous plexus of bladder

106
Q

Schistosoma japonicum info

A

more rounded

spine smaller and less conspicuous than other species

107
Q

Schistosoma japonicum classification

A

Trematode - fluke

108
Q

Schistosoma mansonii infectious stage

A

Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming

109
Q

Schistosoma mansonii diagnostic stage

A

Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools

In urine - venous plexus of bladder

110
Q

Schistosoma mansonii info

A

prominent lateral spine near posterior end

111
Q

Schistosoma mansonii classification

A

Swamp fever

Trematode - fluke

112
Q

Schistosoma haematobium infectious stage

A

Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming

113
Q

Schistosoma haematobium diagnostic stage

A

Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools

In urine - venous plexus of bladder

114
Q

Schistosoma haematobium info

A

terminal spine

shed in urine

115
Q

Schistosoma haematobium classification

A

Trematode - fluke

116
Q

Schistosoma intercalatum infectious stage

A

Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming

117
Q

Schistosoma intercalatum diagnostic stage

A

Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools

In urine - venous plexus of bladder

118
Q

Schistosoma intercalatum info

A

terminal spine

equatorial (central) bulge and are shed in stool

119
Q

Schistosoma intercalatum classification

A

Trematode - fluke

120
Q

Schistosoma species symptom

A

Katayamas fever

Microbiology (37 decks)

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