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Microbiology > Parasites - Helmiths > Flashcards

Parasites - Helmiths Flashcards

(120 cards)

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1
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides infectious stage

A

consume fertilized egg

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2
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides diagnostic stage

A

unfertilized egg will not undergo further development

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3
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides info

A

most common helminthic infection

internal yolk sac

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4
Q

Enterobius vermicularis infectious stage

A

embryonated eggs ingested by human

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5
Q

Enterobius vermicularis diagnostic stage

A

eggs on perianal folds

larvae inside the eggs mature with 4-6 hours

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6
Q

Enterobius vermicularis info

A 
school/pre school children
perianal itching (pruritus)
collect early morning tape prep
thin smooth transparent shell flattened side
fin like expansion
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7
Q

Enterobius vermicularis classification

A

Pinworm

Nematode - roundworm

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8
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides classification

A

Nematode - roundworm

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9
Q

Trichuris trichiura infectious stage

A

embryonated eggs are ingested

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10
Q

Trichuris trichiura diagnostic stage

A

unembryonated eggs passed in feces

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11
Q

Trichuris trichiura info

A

barrel shaped
thick shelled
polar plugs at each end
whip like anterior

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12
Q

Trichuris trichiura classification

A

Whipworm

Nematode - roundworm

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13
Q

Trichinella spiralis infectious stage

A

ingestion of undercooked meat

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14
Q

Trichinella spiralis diagnostic stage

A

encysted larva in striated muscle

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15
Q

Trichinella spiralis info

A

treatment - thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole
intestinal tissue invasion (1 week post)
striated muscle tissue invasion (2 week post)

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16
Q

Trichinella spiralis classification

A

Nematode - Roundworm

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17
Q

Dracunculus medinensis infectious stage

A

larvae undergoes two molts in the copepod and becomes L3 larvae

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18
Q

Dracunculus medinensis diagnostic stage

A

female worm begins to emerge from the skin one year after infection

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19
Q

Dracunculus medinensis info

A

worm - whitish filament can be removed from center of ulceration
fluid discharge by worm - rhabditiform larvae
female in human host
remove using a stick to role and remove

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20
Q

Dracunculus medinensis classification

A

Guinea Worm disease

Nematode - roundworm

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21
Q

Toxocara canis/cati infectious stage

A

embryonated egg with larva

transplacental or transmammary

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22
Q

Toxocara canis/cati diagnostic stage

A

larvae in tissues

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23
Q

Toxocara canis/cati info

A

Cats/dogs
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) - preschool, larvae invade multiple tissues
Ocular larva migrans (OLM) - older/adults, larvae produce ophthalmologic lesions
3 “lips” on anterior end

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24
Q

Toxocara canis/cati classification

A

Nematode - roundworm

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25
Ancylostoma duodenale infectious stage
Flariform larva penetrates skin
26
Ancylostoma duodenale diagnostic stage
eggs in feces
27
Ancylostoma duodenale info
``` 2nd most common helminthic infection Loefflers syndrome "ground itch" oval, thin shelled, smooth, non pigmented and transparent A. duo = 2 pairs teeth A American = pair of cutting plates ```
28
Ancylostoma duodenale classification
Nematode - hookworm
29
Necator americanus infectious stage
Flariform larva penetrate skin
30
Necator americanus diagnostic stage
eggs in feces
31
Necator americanus info
2nd most common helminthic infection Loefflers syndrome "ground itch" oval, thin shelled, smooth, non pigmented and transparent
32
Necator americanus classification
nematode - hookworm
33
Strongyloides stercoralis infectious stage
Infective flariform larvae penetrate the intact skin initiating infection Autoinfection: Rhabditiform larvae in large intestine, become flariform larvae, penetrate intestinal mucosa or perianal skin, and migrate randomly to other organs Flariform migrate to various pathways to the small intestine where they become adults
34
Strongyloides stercoralis diagnostic stage
Rhabditiform larvae in intestine are excreted in stool
35
Strongyloides stercoralis info
blood eosinophilia during acute and chronic stages | NO eggs
36
Strongyloides stercoralis classification
Nematode - hookworm
37
Wuchereria bancrofti infectious stage
Microfilariae develop to infective larvae in mosquito | Mosquito feeds on human and infective larvae enter skin
38
Wuchereria bancrofti diagnostic stage
Adult worms in lymphatic channels
39
Wuchereria bancrofti info
Anopheles or Aedes mosquito 6 months develop then leads to Elephantiasis Nuclear column do NOT extend to tip of the tail
40
Wuchereria bancrofti classification
Nematode - Lymphatic filarial worm
41
Brugia malayi infectious stage
Mosquito takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter skin)
42
Brugia malayi diagnostic stage
Adults produce sheathed microfilariae that reach the blood stream
43
Brugia malayi info
Mansonia and Aedes mosquito tapered tail, significant gap between terminal and subterminal nuclei nocturnal periodicity
44
Brugia malayi classification
Nematode - lymphatic filarial worm
45
Loa loa infectious stage
Fly (genus Chrysops) takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)
46
Loa loa diagnostic stage
Adults produce sheathed microfilariae that are found in spinal fluid, urine, sputum, peripheral blood and lungs
47
Loa loa info
Tabanid fly (horse fly) Calabar swellings exhibit diurnal periodicity uninterrupted column of nuclei extend to the tip exterior sheath does not stain with giemsa
48
Loa loa classification
African eye worm | Nematode - Filarial worm
49
Mansonella streptocerca infectious stage
Midge (genus Culicoides) takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)
50
Mansonella streptocerca diagnostic stage
Adults produce unsheathed microfilariae which reside in the skin but can reach the peripheral blood
51
Mansonella streptocerca classification
Nematode - filarial worm
52
Onchocerca volvus infectious stage
Black fly takes a blood meal (L3 larvae enter bite wound)
53
Onchocerca volvus diagnostic stage
Adults produce unsheathed microfilariae - in skin and lymphatics of connective tissue
54
Onchocerca volvus info
Simulium - black fly bite leading cause of blindness ocular lesions
55
Onchocerca volvus classification
River blindness | Nematode - filarial worm
56
Diphyllobathrium latum infectious stage
Infected crustacean ingested by freshwater fish | Procercoid larva released from crustacean, develops into plerocercoid larva
57
Diphyllobathrium latum diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
58
Diphyllobathrium latum info
``` Vit B12 deficiency with pernicious anemia high burden of intestinal obstruction >3000 proglottids largest parasite contains coiled uterus ```
59
Diphyllobathrium latum classification
Giant fish tapeworm | Cestode - tapeworm
60
Taenia saginata infectious stage
Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle
61
Taenia saginata diagnostic stage
Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces and passed into environment
62
Taenia saginata info
passage of proglottids in stool 1st indication of illness
63
Taenia saginata classification
Beef Tapeworm
64
Taenia solium infectious stage
Oncospheres develop into cysticerci in muscle
65
Taenia solium diagnostic stage
Eggs or gravid proglottids in feces and passed into environment
66
Taenia solium info
more prevalent in communities where people live in close contact with pigs and eat undercooked pork
67
Taenia solium
Cestode - tapeworm
68
Hymenolepis nana infectious stage
Embryonated eggs in feces Humans and rodents infected when they ingest cysticercoid infected arthropods Autoinfection can occur of eggs remain in the intestine The eggs then release the hexacanth embryo, which penetrates the intestinal villus continuing the cycle
69
Hymenolepis nana diagnostic stage
Embryonated eggs in feces
70
Hymenolepis nana info
most common cestode infection protruding rostellum with a row 20-30 hooklets pair of polar filaments on either side outer shell, inner membrane with hexacanth (6 hooklets)
71
Hymenolepis nana classification
Dwarf tapeworm | Cestode - tapeworm
72
Hymenolepis diminuta infectious stage
Cysticerci in body cavity of insect ingested by rodent or human
73
Hymenolepis diminuta diagnostic stage
Eggs passed in feces
74
Hymenolepis diminuta info
striated outer membrane, space between 2 membranes smooth | oncosphere - hexacanth (6 hooklets)
75
Hymenolepis diminuta classification
Rat tapeworm | Cestode - tapeworm
76
Echinococcus granulosus infectious stage
Embryonated eggs in feces
77
Echinococcus granulosus diagnostic stage
Hydatid cyst in liver, lungs, etc
78
Echinococcus granulosus info
canine infection where dogs ingest organs from infected animals ingestion of eggs from food/water or fomites contaminated with dog feces migration from intestinal lumen to other body sites and develop into hydatid cysts
79
Echinococcus granulosus classification
Cestode - tapeworm
80
Fasciolopsis buski infectious stage
Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle
81
Fasciolopsis buski diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
82
Fasciolopsis buski info
areas where humans raise pigs and consume freshwater plants | attachment to intestinal mucosa
83
Fasciolopsis buski classification
Trematode - fluke
84
Heterophyes heterophyes infectious stage
Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae
85
Heterophyes heterophyes diagnostic stage
Embryonated eggs each with a fully developed miracidium are passed in feces
86
Heterophyes heterophyes info
migration of eggs to heart/brain surface covered with minute spines adults reside in small intestine of definitive host
87
Heterophyes heterophyes classification
Trematode - fluke
88
Metagonimus yokogawai infectious stage
Host becomes infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae
89
Metagonimus yokogawai diagnostic stage
Embryonated eggs each with a fully developed miracidium are passed in feces
90
Metagonimus yokogawai info
smallest liver fluke to infect humans | requires snail as intermediate host
91
Metagonimus yokogawai classification
Trematode - fluke
92
Clonorchis sienensis infectious stage
Metacercariae in flesh or skin of freshwater fish are ingested by human host
93
Clonorchis sienensis diagnostic stage
Embryonated eggs passed in feces
94
Clonorchis sienensis info
following ingestion of imported, undercooked or pickled freshwater fish containing metacercariae inflammation and intermittent obstruction of biliary ducts
95
Clonorchis sienensis classification
Trematode - liver fluke
96
Paragonimus westermani infectious stage
Cercariae invade the crustacean and encyst into metacercariae
97
Paragonimus westermani diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs
98
Paragonimus westermani info
acute - invasion and migration chronic - pulmonary and extrapulmonary oral and ventral suckers
99
Paragonimus westermani classification
Trematode - liver fluke
100
Fasciola hepatica infectious stage
Metacercariae on water plant ingested by human, sheep, or cattle
101
Fasciola hepatica diagnostic stage
Unembryonated eggs passed in feces
102
Fasciola hepatica info
area where sheep and cattle are raised and where humans ingest raw watercress acute - migration immature fluke through hepatic parenchyma chronic - adult fluke within bile duct
103
Fasciola hepatica classification
Trematode - liver fluke
104
Schistosoma japonicum infectious stage
Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming
105
Schistosoma japonicum diagnostic stage
Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools | In urine - venous plexus of bladder
106
Schistosoma japonicum info
more rounded | spine smaller and less conspicuous than other species
107
Schistosoma japonicum classification
Trematode - fluke
108
Schistosoma mansonii infectious stage
Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming
109
Schistosoma mansonii diagnostic stage
Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools | In urine - venous plexus of bladder
110
Schistosoma mansonii info
prominent lateral spine near posterior end
111
Schistosoma mansonii classification
Swamp fever | Trematode - fluke
112
Schistosoma haematobium infectious stage
Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming
113
Schistosoma haematobium diagnostic stage
Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools | In urine - venous plexus of bladder
114
Schistosoma haematobium info
terminal spine | shed in urine
115
Schistosoma haematobium classification
Trematode - fluke
116
Schistosoma intercalatum infectious stage
Cercariae released by snail into water and free swimming
117
Schistosoma intercalatum diagnostic stage
Eggs circulate to liver and shed in stools | In urine - venous plexus of bladder
118
Schistosoma intercalatum info
terminal spine | equatorial (central) bulge and are shed in stool
119
Schistosoma intercalatum classification
Trematode - fluke
120
Schistosoma species symptom
Katayamas fever

Microbiology (37 decks)

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