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BIO1337 - Microbiology > Bacterial Growth and Metabolic Pathway > Flashcards

Bacterial Growth and Metabolic Pathway Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What type of cell division does a rod-shaped bacteria undergo?

A

Binary fission

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2
Q

Describe binary fission in a rod-shaped bacteria:

A
  1. Cell elongation
  2. Septum formation
  3. Completion of septum; formation of walls; cell separation
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3
Q

Give examples of rod-shaped bacteria that undergo binary fission:

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella typhi
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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4
Q

How can cell division differ in bacterial growth?

A

Different morphological forms

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5
Q

What are the two different morphological forms of cell division?

A
  1. Equal products of cell division

2. Unequal products are so division

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6
Q

Is binary fission an unequal product of cell division or an equal product of cell division?

A

Equal products of cell division

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7
Q

What are four types of unequal products of cell division?

A
  1. Simple budding
  2. Budding from hymphae
  3. Cell division of stalked organisms
  4. Polar growth without differentiation of cell size
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8
Q

What are the three main players that facilitate bacterial growth at a cellular level?

A

MreB
FtsZ
Min system

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9
Q

What is MreB?

A

Actin homologue - bacterial cytoskeleton protein

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10
Q

How does MreB facilitate bacterial growth?

A

Elongation growth by incorporation of new cell wall material along longitudinal axis

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11
Q

What is FtsZ?

A

Tubulin homologue - cytokinesis ring

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12
Q

How does FtsZ facilitate bacterial growth?

A

Fundamental element of septum formation, septum contraction and cell division

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13
Q

What is min system (MinC)?

A

Midcell selection

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14
Q

How does MinC facilitate bacterial growth?

A

Robust positioning of FtsZ at midcill and only midcill over the lifetime of each cell

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15
Q

Fill in the gap:

MreB, FtsZ and MinC are highly …… inside the cell

A

Dynamic

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16
Q

What is the motion of MreB directly coupled to?

A

Wall synthesis

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17
Q

How does bacterial growth differ with different bacterial species?

A
  • Different shapes
  • So different versions of cell division proteins
  • and different cell wall-synthesising machines
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18
Q

What factors determine culture growth?

A
  • Availability of nutrients
  • Presence or absence of oxygen
  • Temperature
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19
Q

How can we describe the growth of bacteria in one generations time?

A
  • mass and cell number doubles

- exponential growth

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20
Q

What are the four phases of bacterial growth phases?

A
  • Lag phase
  • Exponential phase
  • Stationary phase
  • Death phase
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21
Q

What is an anoxic zone?

A

Lack of oxygen

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22
Q

What is an oxic zone?

A

Oxygen present and dissociates in liquids

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23
Q

What is the limitation of microorganisms that like to grow in low oxygen conditions?

A

Difficult to grow in lab due to sensitivity to oxygen

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24
Q

What is one of the most important factors of culture growth of bacteria?

A

Temperature

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25
What can occur to growth of bacteria in a minimum temperature?
Membrane gelling; transport processes so slow that growth cannot occur
26
What can occur to growth of bacteria in optimum temperature?
Enzymatic reactions occurring at maximum possible rate
27
What can occur to growth of bacteria in maximum temperature?
Protein denaturation; collapse of cytoplasmic membrane; thermal lysis
28
Do all bacteria like the same temperature?
No, each species have their own optimum temperature
29
What are the three different sources of metabolic diversity?
- Energy source - electron source - carbon source
30
What are the two subtypes of energy sources?
- Phototrophs | - Chemotrophs
31
What is phototrophs?
Light
32
What is chemotrophs?
Oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds
33
What are the two subtypes of electron sources?
- Lithotrophs | - Organotrophs
34
What is lithotrophs?
Reduced inorganic molecules
35
What is organotrophs?
Organic molecules
36
What are the twosubtypes of carbon sources?
- Autotrophs | - Heterotrophs
37
What is autotrophs?
CO2 sole or principle biosynthetic carbon source
38
What is heterotrophs?
Reduced, preformed, organic molecules from other organisms
39
What are the 5 major nutritional classes?
- Photolithoautotroph - Photoorganoheterotroph - Chemolithoautotroph - Chemolithoheterotroph - Chemoorganoheterotroph
40
What is the carbon source of Photolithoautotroph?
Co2
41
What is the energy source of Photolithoautotroph?
Light
42
What is the electron source of Photolithoautotroph?
Inorganic e- donor
43
What is the carbon source of Photoorganoheterotroph?
Organic carbon
44
What is the energy source of Photoorganoheterotroph?
Light
45
What is the electron source of Photoorganoheterotroph?
Organic e- donor
46
What is the carbon source of Chemolithoautotroph?
CO2
47
What is the energy source of Chemolithoautotroph?
Inorganic chemicals
48
What is the electron source of Chemolithoautotroph?
Inorganic e- donor
49
What is the carbon source of Chemolithoheterotroph?
Organic carbon
50
What is the energy source of Chemolithoheterotroph?
Inorganic chemicals
51
What is the electron source of Chemolithoheterotroph?
Inorganic e- donor
52
What is the carbon source of Chemoorganoheterotroph?
Organic carbon
53
What is the energy source of Chemoorganoheterotroph?
Organic chemicals
54
What is the electron source of Chemoorganoheterotroph?
Organic e- donor
55
What is the carbon source for heterotrophs?
Organic carbon
56
Describe glycolysis (simply):
1. Remove electrons from organic carbon and adds those to NAD, making NADH 2. Produces 2 molecules ATP 3. Geneterates pyruvate as a key molecule
57
What must be present for pyruvate to be oxidative to CO2?
Oxygen
58
What is the outcome of the citric acid cycle?
NADH | CO2
59
What cycle is the most important for the production of NADH?
Citric acid cycle
60
Why is a NADH important?
Electrons stored in NADH
61
What is the next cycle after the citric acid cycle?
Electron transport chain
62
What doe electrons in the electron transport chain reduce?
The terminal acceptor O2 to H2O
63
How is the membrane energised in the electron transport chain?
Protons are pumping across the membrane to the outside
64
What is the energy produced by the proton pump drive?
Oxidative phosphorylation through ATP synthase
65
How many ATP molecules are produced during the electron transport chain?
36
66
How do anaerobic respiration differ from aerobic respiration?
- Lack of oxygen | - Use of different terminal electron acceptors
67
What are the different terminal acceptors in anaerobic respiration?
-SO4^2-, NO3^-, CO2, Fumarate etc
68
What terminal acceptor is used in denitrification?
Nitrate
69
What is the reduced product of the electron acceptor nitrate?
Nitrite
70
When does termination occur?
If no oxygen as terminal electron acceptor
71
What occurs during fermentation in relation to the terminal electron acceptor?
Organic compound is both electron donor and acceptor
72
Is fermentation an efficient process?
No
73
How many molecules of ATP is produced through fermentation?
2
74
How is a NADH recycles?
Reducing pyruvate to lactate and other fermentation products
75
What is the process of the reduction of pyruvate to lactate?
Homofermentative
76
What is the process of reduction of pyruvate to mixed products?
Hetero-fermentative
77
What are the final results in electron transfer to nitrate?
Nitric oxide, Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen
78
What are the concerns of denitrification?
- Nitric oxide = ozone depleting gase - Nitrous oxide = greenhouse gase - Human intervention aka fertilisers

BIO1337 - Microbiology (18 decks)

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