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BIO1337 - Microbiology > Introduction into Protists > Flashcards

Introduction into Protists Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons to study protists?

A
  • Understand diversity of life
  • Food chain
  • Photosynthesis
  • Mutualistic symbiosis with other organisms
  • Understanding stress responses
  • Models of multicellularity
  • Predators and Prey
  • Agents of disease
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2
Q

Do protist make up little or much of the eukaryotic tree of life?

A

Very much of tree of life

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3
Q

Who discovered protists?

A

Leeuwenhoek

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4
Q

Define protists:

A
  • Group based on general similarities but exhibit a wide range of morphologies, inhabit many different habitats
  • Unrelated to plants, animal and fungi
  • Widespread
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5
Q

What do protists have in common with one another?

A
  • Require a water-based environment (fresh/marine/snow/damp soil/animal gut)
  • Undergo mitosis
  • Require presence of oxygen
  • Unicellular
  • Motile
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6
Q

How do protists differ?

A
  • How they obtain nutrition

- How they move

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7
Q

What are different ways in which protists can obtain nutrients?

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Photosynthesis
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Symbiosis
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8
Q

What are different ways in which protists move?

A
  • Pseudopodia
  • Cilia
  • Flagella
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9
Q

Are zooxanthellae autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

autotrophs

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10
Q

Are Euglena autotrophs or heterotrophs?

A

Heterotrophs

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11
Q

What are zooxanthellae?

A

Symbiotic dinoflagellate protists that live within hard or stony corals

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12
Q

What does it mean for zooxanthellae to be autotrophs?

A

Produce all nutritional substances required for them to live

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13
Q

How much do zooxanthellae provide of coral energy via photosynthesis?

A

80%

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14
Q

What do zooxanthellae take up?

A

Nutrients released by corals metabolism such as Nitrogen and Carbons Dioxide

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15
Q

What is Euglena?

A
  • Single, motile, flagellum for movement
  • Sense light using red “eye spot”
  • Contain chloroplast
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16
Q

What do Euglena feed on in the dark?

A

Other protists

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17
Q

What shows extensive evidence of protists preying on other protists?

A

Fossil record

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18
Q

What may have played a critical role in the diversification of eukaryotes?

A

Predation

19
Q

Why are protists considered all eukaryotes?

A
  • Cells have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

- Most single-celled

20
Q

What was the last eukaryotic common ancestor?

A

Flagellated protist

21
Q

What are many of intracellular organelles of protists?

A

Flagellate or ciliate

22
Q

What are different morphologies of protists?

A
  • Amoebae
  • Flagellates
  • Ciliates
  • Cysts/Cocci
  • Hyphae
  • Diatoms
23
Q

Why is it difficult to classify just on morphology?

A

Some protists have different morphological stages dependent on life cycle and enviroment

24
Q

What has advances in DNA sequencing allowed?

A

Classification protists with greater preseason

25
Q

What are dinoflagellates?

A
  • Marine/photosynthesis/free-living or endosymbionts
  • Two flagella (equatorial/longitudinal groove)
  • Amoeboid form
  • Primary producers of organic mater
26
Q

What can dinoflagellate endosymbionts with?

A

Coral

27
Q

What is dinoflagellate associated with?

A

Toxic red tides

28
Q

What are loboseans?

A
  • Naked or testate form
  • Predators, parasites or scavengers
  • Heterotrophic
  • Phagocytes
  • Free living
  • Disease causing
29
Q

What are heteroloboseans?

A

Amoeboid organisms

Disease causing

30
Q

What disease does heterolobosean causes?

A

Brain eating amoeba

31
Q

What are ciliates?

A
  • Possesses hair-like cilia (allow complex behaviours)
  • Complex cellular forms = contractile/digestive vacuoles
  • Two types of nuclei
  • Most heterotrophic
32
Q

What are euglenoids?

A
  • Flagellate with universal paracrystalline rod
  • Mitochondria
  • Cell shape determined by spiralling strips of protein
  • Some photosynthetic with photoreceptors
33
Q

What are kinetoplastids?

A
  • Unicellular, flagellate with unique paracrystalline rod
  • Mitochondrion = kinetoplast
  • Medically important vector-borne pathogens
34
Q

What are phaeophyta?

A
  • Marine
  • Multicellular filaments
  • Sessile/planktonic form
  • Giant kelps
  • Important in industry (cosmetics/ice cream)
35
Q

What are diplomonads?

A
  • Unicellular, posses mitosomes
  • Posses two nuclei of equal size
  • Multiple flagella
  • Disease causing
36
Q

What disease does giardiasis?

A

Giardia lamblia

37
Q

What are parabasilids?

A
  • Parabasal body
  • Hydrogenosomes (anaerobic)
  • Genome lacks introns (2x size of human)
  • Disease causing
38
Q

What are diatoms?

A
  • Unicellular (some associate with filaments)
  • Carotenoids give golden or brown colour
  • Only male gamete have flagella
  • Two-piece silica cell walls
  • Bilateral or radial symmetry
  • Synthesis aquatic, phytoplankton
39
Q

What are foramiferans?

A
  • Plantonic or sessile
  • External, spiral shells or calcium carbonate or chitin
  • Branching pseudopods extend through shell apertures to form a sticky reticulate net
  • Contributor to lime stone
40
Q

What are radiolarians?

A
  • Marine heterotrophs
  • Tests made up of silica
  • Thin, stiff pseudopods reinforced by microtubules
  • Radial symmetry
  • Largest unicells
41
Q

What are myxomycetes?

A
  • Cellular slime moulds
  • Single celled haploid myxamoebae
  • Nutrient starvation = myxamoebae swarm to make pseudoplasmodium (multicellular) or slugs (migrate)
  • Produce stalk and sporangium
42
Q

What are apicocomplexans?

A
  • Contains an apical complex that facilitate host invasion
  • All parasites
  • May complex life-cycles and multiple hosts
43
Q

What are many medically important pathogens?

A

Protists

BIO1337 - Microbiology (18 decks)

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