Basics

Question 1

Must know polyatomic ions

Answer 1

NH4+ (ammonium)
OH- (hydroxide)
NO3- (nitrate)
HCO3- (bicarbonate) or (hydrogen carbonate)
CO3 2- (Carbonate)
SO4 2- (Sulfate)
CH3COO- (Acetate)
PO4 3- (Phosphate)

Question 2

Naming an ionic compound that have a transition metal

Answer 2

Same as binary ionic, but the charge of the metal is given (if multivalent)

Question 3

Define combination/synthesis reaction

Answer 3

2 reactants combine to make a single product

Question 4

define decomposition reaction

Answer 4

a single reactant breaks apart into 2 or more products

Question 5

define double replacement/displacement

Answer 5

2 compounds react, where the metals switch partners

Question 6

Define neutralization

Answer 6

a special type of double displacement where Acid + Base = salt + H2O. Where:

Acid = H+ + anion (HCL, HBr, HI, H2SO4)

Base = metal cation (group 1 or 2 metal) + hydroxide (OH-) (aq)

Salt: an aqueous ionic compound

These reactions always produce heat, we call this “exothermic”

Question 7

Define combustion

Answer 7

the burning of a hydrocarbon fuel in the presence of oxygen (O2)

ex. CxHy + O2(g) = CO2 (g) + H2O (g)

These reactions also always release heat (exothermic)

Question 8

Define hydrocarbon

Answer 8

a molecule containing mostly carbon and hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen)

Question 9

Order of balancing a combustion reaction

Answer 9

1. carbon
2. hydrogen
3. oxygen

Question 10

Define diatomic elements

Answer 10

when these elements are displaced (all by themselves) in their atomic form, they are diatomic

Question 11

Define theoretical mass

Answer 11

the mass you should have made= n x Mr

Question 12

% yield formula

Answer 12

actual yield/theoretical yield x 100