Structure 3.1.1 - 3.1.4 - The periodic table and periodic trends

Question 1

metalloids vs non metals/metals in terms of physical/ chemical properties (SI, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, Not Al, At, or B)

Answer 1

-physically similar to metals
-chemically they behave more similar to non metals

Question 2

what happens to the reactivity of group 1 (alkali metals) down a group

Answer 2

increases down a group

Question 3

what happens to the reactivity of group 17 (halogens) down a group

Answer 3

they decrease

Question 4

characteristics of group 17 elements (halogens)

Answer 4

coloured substances
gradual change in state
diatomic
-form ionic +covalent bonds
-displacement rxn, where a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen

Question 5

Characteristics of group 18 elements (noble gases)

Answer 5

-mostly unreactive due to stable octet (full v shel)

Question 6

define atomic radius

Answer 6

the total distance from an atom’s nucleus to the outermost orbital of electron

Question 7

atomic radius trend

Answer 7

decreases across a period as the nuclear charge increases, which better attracts valence e-
increases as adding energy levels causes the atom to get bigger

Question 8

define electron affinity

Answer 8

the energy change required to add one mole of electrons to one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous anion

larger negative value (highly exothermic) = good bc it creates more stable products

X(g) + 1e- -> X (g) 1-

Question 9

Electron affinity trend

Answer 9

e- affinity increases across a period, bc the increasing nuc charge is able to attract an e- into the v shell

EA decreases down a group bc shielding reduces the attractive force of the nuc

Question 10

define electronegativity

Answer 10

the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond (same trend as EA)

Question 11

Ionic radius (cations/metals) trend

Answer 11

decreases across a row as nuc charge increases, bc greater attraction of e-

Question 12

ionic radius of a cation vs their parent atom

Answer 12

a cation will be smaller compared to their parent atom bc when they lose v e-, they also lose their v shell

Question 13

ionic radius of an anion vs their parent atom

Answer 13

larger compared to parent atom, bc of the repulsive force of more electrons being added

Question 14

Ionic radius (anions/non metals) trend

Answer 14

-when comparing anions in the same period, ionic radius will decrease from left to right bc we add fewer e- to the v she;;