BCHP PT 1 - CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Question 1

What are Atoms?

Answer 1

Ultramicroscopic building blocks of matter

Question 2

What are Molecules?

Answer 2

Two or more atoms sharing electrons to form a structure

Question 3

What is a Compound?

Answer 3

Substance made of DIFFERENT atoms

Question 4

What is a Element?

Answer 4

Substance made of SAME atoms

Question 5

What is a Ion?

Answer 5

Atom with a POSITIVE and NEGATIVE charge

Question 6

What is Free Radical?

Answer 6

A charge atom with UNPAIRED electron

Question 7

Define Anabolism.

Answer 7

The BUILDING phase of metabolism - Consumption of energy

Question 8

Define Catabolism.

Answer 8

The BREAKDOWN phase of metabolism- Production of energy

Question 9

What is the chemical reaction if you break a bond?

Answer 9

Energy is released - used to form other bonds

Question 10

What is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?

Answer 10

A form of energy used by all cells. “Energy Currency”

Question 11

ATP is “earned” through ________ reactions, and is “spent” through ________ reactions.

Answer 11

Catabolic / Anabolic

Question 12

Describe ‘Breaking ATP’.

Answer 12

ATP is broken to release energy

Question 13

Describe ‘Reforming ATP’.

Answer 13

Energy used to reform ADP to ATP

Question 14

What are Energy Substates?

Answer 14

Substances used to reform/make ATP

Question 15

Define Cellular Respiration.

Answer 15

Reactions that transfer energy from food to ATP

Question 16

What is Anaerobic?

Answer 16

Cellular respiration WITHOUT oxygen

Question 17

What is Aerobic?

Answer 17

Cellular respiration WITH oxygen

Question 18

Describe Carbohydrate (Glucose) Metabolism.

Answer 18

Preferred energy substrate to reform ATP using glycogen or blood glucose

Question 19

Describe the process of Glycolysis?

Answer 19

Making ATP from glucose in the cell cytoplasm - broken into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and 2 ATP

Question 20

Describe Carbohydrate/Glucose Metabolism (Aerobic).

Answer 20

Pyruvic acid ENTERS MITOCHONDRIA producing 26-28 more ATP

Question 21

Describe Carbohydrate/Glucose Metabolism (Anaerobic).

Answer 21

Pyruvic acid CONVERTED into lactic acid/lactate - which diffuses into blood

Question 22

Describe Fat Metabolism ability to generate ATP.

Answer 22

Generates ATP only aerobically

Question 23

What is Lipolysis?

Answer 23

Breakdown of stored fat into glycerol and fatty acid to make ATP

Question 24

What is the function of Hepatocytes (Liver Cells)?

Answer 24

Create Ketone Bodies to make ATP

Question 25

Describe Protein Metabolism.

Answer 25

Broken down into amino acids to generate ATP

Question 26

In a ________, a substance (________) dissolves another substance (________)

Answer 26

Solution / Solvent / Solute

Question 27

A Acid dissociates into?

Answer 27

Hydrogen ions (H+)

Question 28

A Base dissociates into?

Answer 28

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 29

A Salt dissociates into?

Answer 29

Neither H+ or OH-

Question 30

Define pH.

Answer 30

Determines the acidity or alkalinity level of a solution

Question 31

More Hydrogen Ions in a solution makes it more...?

Answer 31

Acidic

Question 32

More Hydroxide Ions in a solutions makes it more...?

Answer 32

Alkaline

Question 33

Which organic compound functions as the primary energy substrates, using glycogen to generate ATP?

Answer 33

Carbohydrates

Question 34

What are 'Triglycerides'?

Answer 34

Storage form of excess calories

Question 35

(T or F) Fatty acid is not an energy substrate.

Answer 35

F

Question 36

Explain the function of DNA.

Answer 36

Genetic material controls cell activities

Question 37

Explain the function of RNA.

Answer 37

Relays genetic instruction to guide protein synthesis

Question 38

What is the function of catalytic proteins?

Answer 38

Regulate biochemical reactions