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T1 PHYSIOLOGY > MUSCULAR SYSTEM PT 1 (UNFINISHED) > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM PT 1 (UNFINISHED) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Electrical Excitability of muscle tissue.

A

Muscle tissue responds to stimuli by PRODUCING APs

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2
Q

Define Contractility of muscle tissue.

A

GENERATE TENSION when stimulated by an AP

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3
Q

Define Extensibility of muscle tissue.

A

STRETCH (LENGTHEN) WTHOUT DAMAGE

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4
Q

Define Elasticity of muscle tissue.

A

RETURN ORIGINAL SHAPE after contraction or stretch

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5
Q

List the order of the Hierarchy of Skeletal Organization.

A

Muscle
Fascicle
Muscle Fibre (Muscle Cell)
Myofibril

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6
Q

What are the characteristics fro Skeletal/Striated Muscle?

A
  • Alternating light and dark bands

- Voluntary/conscious control

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7
Q

A Muscle is subdivided into?

A

Bundles of fascicles

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8
Q

Describe a Fascicle.

A

Measured in MM. Made up of many muscle fibres

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9
Q

Describe a Muscle Fibre/Muscle Cell.

A

Cylindrical in shape and filled with Myofibrils

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10
Q

What is ‘Sarcolemma’?

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE of muscle cell

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11
Q

What are Transverse Tubules (T-tubules)?

A

Tiny TUNNELS in from the sarcolemma towards the centre of muscle fibre.

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12
Q

What is ‘Sarcoplasm’?

A

The cytoplasm of the muscle fibres, containing glycogen

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13
Q

Describe a Myoglobin.

A

A protein binding oxygen that diffuses into muscle fibres and delivers it to the mitochondria.

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14
Q

What are Myofibrils?

A

CONTRACTILE ORGANELLES of the muscle cell

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15
Q

What is the function of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Myofibrils?

A

Holds Myofibrils in place

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16
Q

What is Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

SACS/TUBES surrounding each myofibril storing and releasing CALCIUM into cell

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17
Q

Define a Sarcomere.

A

Functional units of a myofibril (contractions)

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18
Q

What is an Actin?

A

Makes up THIN filaments

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19
Q

What is an Myosin?

A

Makes up THICK filaments

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20
Q

What generates force/contractions of a Myofibril?

A

The overlap and interaction of thick and thin filaments

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21
Q

What are Myofilaments?

A

2 contractile proteins of the Sarcomere: Actin and Myosin

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22
Q

Explain the PROCESS of the Neurological Control of muscle tissue.

A
  1. Axons reaches muscle using Axon Terminals
  2. Axon Terminals form junction with Sarcolemma
  3. Axons release Acetylcholine (ACh) over the synaptic cleft
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23
Q

What is a Motor Neuron?

A

A nerve cell that conducts APs to muscle cells

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24
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

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A

The motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibres it innervates

25
Precise movements require _______ changes in muscle contraction
Small
26
Imprecise movements require _______ amounts of tension.
Large
27
Muscles that perform ______ movements are made up of small motor units.
Fine
28
Muscles that perform _______ movements are made up of large motor units.
Gross
29
Explain Motor Unit Recruitment.
AP travels down motor neuron to muscle fibres which will generate force in that motor unit
30
What are the 3 types of Skeletal Muscle Fibres?
- Slow Oxidative - Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic - Fast Glycolytic
31
Explain the characteristics of Slow Oxidative Fibres/Type l.
- Fatigue resistant - Endurance-type functions - Lots of energy substrates - Generates ATP via aerobic cellular respiration
32
Explain the characteristics of Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibres/Type lla.
- High resistance to fatigue - Endurance and shorter-duration functions - Intermediate amounts of energy substrates - Generates ATP via aerobic/anaerobic pathways
33
Explain the characteristics of Fast Glycolytic Fibres/Type llx.
- Low resistance to fatigue - High intensity,short duration functions - Low amounts of energy substrates - Generates ATP via anaerobic pathways
34
What is the Length-Tension Relationship?
Ability to generate force depends on the length of the sarcomeres within a muscle
35
Define Isotonic.
Muscle contracts against a resistance that is not changing
36
Define Concentric.
Shortening contraction
37
Define Eccentric.
Lengthening contraction
38
Define Isometric.
Muscle contracts which length of muscle does not visibly change
39
Define a Variable Resistance.
Muscle contraction that varies the resistance to match the strength curve.
40
Define Isokinetic.
Muscle contraction in a range that keeps movement constant
41
What is a Twitch Contraction?
A brief contraction to a single AP in its motor neuron
42
Define Muscle Resting Tone.
A small amount of tension generated in the muscles
43
Define Flaccidity.
Lace of tone from nerve being damaged or cut
44
What is Hypertrophy?
An INCREASE in muscle size
45
What is Atrophy?
A DECREASE in muscle size
46
Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the 'entire muscle'?
Epimysium
47
Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the 'fascicles'?
Perimysium
48
Which muscle connective tissue surrounds the 'muscle fibres'?
Endomysium
49
What is the Musculotendinous Junction?
Connection of muscle to tendon
50
What is the Tendonperiosteal Junction?
Connection of tendon to periosteum
51
What is Aponeurosis?
Broad, flat, tendon
52
What is a Tendon Sheath?
Tube surrounding tendon for protection
53
What is the function of Satellite Cells?
Muscle repair and regeneration
54
Define Autorhythmicity.
Heart cells that act as a pacemaker
55
Describe the characteristics of Smooth Muscle.
- Spindle shape - Involuntary control - Found in walls of hollow tubes - Contractions slow but long
56
Explain a Single Unit Smooth Muscle Tissue.
One AP supplies several smooth muscle fibres
57
Explain a Multiunit Smooth Muscle Tissue.
One motor neuron terminal supplies one smooth muscle fibre
58
Describe the characteristics of Cardiac Muscle.
- Branched fibres - Involuntary control - Anchoring junctions with Intercalated Discs

T1 PHYSIOLOGY (17 decks)

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