RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 1

Define the Respiration.

Answer 1

Gas exchange between atmosphere, blood, and body cells

Question 2

Inhalation/Inspiration means?

Answer 2

Air flow INTO lungs

Question 3

Exhalation/Expiration means?

Answer 3

Air flow OUT of lungs

Question 4

What is Pulmonary Respiration?

Answer 4

Gas exchange between RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

Question 5

What is Tissue Respiration?

Answer 5

Gas exchange between BLOOD and TISSUE CELLS

Question 6

What is Cellular Respiration?

Answer 6

Metabolic reaction of O2 and CO2 exchange in the production of ATP

Question 7

Which 2 structures are involved in the Upper Respiratory System?

Answer 7

Nose

Pharynx (Throat)

Question 8

Which 4 structures are involved in the Lower Respiratory System?

Answer 8

Larynx (Voice box)
Trachea (Windpipe)
Bronchi
Lungs

Question 9

Which 7 structures are involved in the Conducting Zone?

Answer 9

Nose
Pharynx (Throat)
Larynx (Voice box)
Trachea (Windpipe)
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles

Question 10

What is the function of the Conducting Zone?

Answer 10

Filters/moisten air for lungs
Receive olfactory stimuli
Generate sound

Question 11

Which 4 structures are involved in the Respiratory Zone?

Answer 11

Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli
Alveolar Sacs

Question 12

What is the function of the Respiratory Zone?

Answer 12

Gas exchange

Question 13

What is the function of Ciliated Cells in the Nose?

Answer 13

Moves mucous down to the Pharynx for digestion

Question 14

Describe the structure and location of the Pharynx (Throat).

Answer 14

Funnelled tube behind Nasal Cavity and above Larynx

Question 15

What are the functions of the Pharynx (Throat)?

Answer 15

Passageway for air and food
Chamber for sounds
Houses tonsils

Question 16

Inferior to the Pharynx, it opens into the _________ posteriorly, and the ________ anteriorly.

Answer 16

Esophagus / Larynx

Question 17

Where is the Larynx located?

Answer 17

Where the Pharynx divides

Question 18

What is the Epiglottis?

Answer 18

Flap protecting top of Larynx

Question 19

What structure is inferior to the larynx?

Answer 19

Trachea (Windpipe)

Question 20

Describe the structure of the Trachea (Windpipe).

Answer 20

Hyaline cartilage c-shaped rings lined with mucous membrane

Question 21

What is the function of Cilia Cells in the Trachea?

Answer 21

Sweeps particulate down Pharynx

Question 22

The Bronchi starts at ____ dividing into right and left primary bronchi, which travels into ______________.

Answer 22

T5 / L and R lungs

Question 23

What is a Carina.

Answer 23

Sensitive area where Trachea divides which causes a cough reflex

Question 24

Describe the Mediastinum.

Answer 24

A region in thoracic cavity between Lungs

Question 25

What structures are the borders of the Mediastinum?

Answer 25

Ant. - Sternum Pos. - Vertebrae Sup. - Clavicle Inf. - 1st Rib

Question 26

Each Bronchus divides into smaller units, which are:

Answer 26

Secondary Bronchi (3 R/2L) Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles

Question 27

What is the function of Alveolar Cells?

Answer 27

Gas exchange and keep cells moist (fluid secretion)

Question 28

What is the function of Surfactant in Alveolar Cells?

Answer 28

Reduces fluid tension of fluid and reduces Alveoli to collapse

Question 29

What do Alveolar Macrophages do?

Answer 29

Remove dust

Question 30

What does Fibroblast make?

Answer 30

Reticular and Elastic Fibres

Question 31

Oxygen from the _____ goes into the blood

Answer 31

Air

Question 32

Carbon Dioxide from the ______ goes into the air

Answer 32

Blood

Question 33

Gas exchange happen through _______ diffusion across the ________ and __________, which form the respiratory membrane

Answer 33

Simple / Alveolar / Capillary Walls

Question 34

Most of the oxygen is carried from the lungs to the body tissue bound to ___________ (Hb)

Answer 34

Hemoglobin

Question 35

Most of the carbon dioxide is carried in the blood in the form of ___________ (HCO2). Some is carried attached to ___________.

Answer 35

Bicarbonate / Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 36

What is the Pleural Membrane?

Answer 36

A double layer serous membrane protecting Lungs

Question 37

What is the Visceral Pleura?

Answer 37

Membrane covering Lungs

Question 38

What is the Parietal Pleura?

Answer 38

Membrane covering inside of Thoracic Cavity

Question 39

What is the Pleural Cavity?

Answer 39

Space between Pleural Membranes containing lubricating fluid

Question 40

To inhale, the thoracic volume _______ and the thoracic pressure ________

Answer 40

Increases / Decreases

Question 41

To exhale, the thoracic volume _______ and the thoracic pressure ________

Answer 41

Decreases / Increases

Question 42

Explain a Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

Answer 42

Largest volume of air inhaled into Lungs

Question 43

Explain Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV)

Answer 43

Volume of air exhaled in 1 sec, after max inhale

Question 44

Explain Tidal Volume

Answer 44

Volume of air in one regular breath

Question 45

Which part of the Brain controls the rhythm and rate of breathing?

Answer 45

Brain Stem

Question 46

Explain the Central Chemoreceptors.

Answer 46

Detects rising CO2 and H+, by increasing ventilation

Question 47

Explain the Peripheral Chemoreceptors.

Answer 47

Respond to rising CO2 and H+ concentrations and dropping O2 concentrations, by increasing ventilation

Question 48

Where are Peripheral Chemoreceptors located in the Brain?

Answer 48

The Carotid Arteries and Arch of the Aorta