NERVOUS SYSTEM PT 2 - STRUCTURE/FUNCTION OF CNS

Question 1

Define Nucleus/Nuclei.

Answer 1

A cluster of neurons in the CNS

Question 2

Define Ganglion/Ganglia.

Answer 2

A cluster of neurons in the PNS

Question 3

Define a ‘Tract’?

Answer 3

Axon bundles that interconnect neurons in the CNS

Question 4

What is a ‘Nerve’?

Answer 4

Axon bundles in the PNS

Question 5

What do Peripheral Nerves connect?

Answer 5

Connects the spinal cord to the periphery

Question 6

What do Cranial Nerves connect?

Answer 6

Connects the brain to periphery

Question 7

Define Grey Matter?

Answer 7

Collection of UNMYELINATED NERVE FIBRES in the CNS

Question 8

Define White Matter.

Answer 8

Collection of MYELINATED AXONS in the CNS

Question 9

The extension of the spinal cord run from?

Answer 9

The brain stem to L2

Question 10

What is the Conus Medullaris?

Answer 10

A structure at L2 where the spinal cord tapers into

Question 11

What is the Cauda Equina?

Answer 11

Roots of spinal nerves below the Conus Medullaris

Question 12

What is the Anterior Median Fissure and Posterior Median Sulcus?

Answer 12

Grooves that divide white matter into left and right sides

Question 13

What is a Central Canal?

Answer 13

A tube centre of the spinal cord that contains CSF

Question 14

GREY MATTER is divided into regions called?

Answer 14

HORNS

Question 15

Which neurons pass through the Posterior/Dorsal Horns contain?

Answer 15

Incoming sensory neurons and interneurons

Question 16

Which neurons pass through the Anterior/Ventral Horns contain?

Answer 16

Motor Nuclei

Question 17

Where are Lateral Horns present, and what do they contain?

Answer 17

Present in thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral portion. Contains Sympathetic Nuclei

Question 18

WHITE MATTER is divided into 3 regions called?

Answer 18

COLUMNS

Question 19

Each white matter column contains ________ that have a common origin/destination.

Answer 19

Tract (axon bundles)

Question 20

Sensory/Ascending Tracts conduct APs _______ the brain.

Answer 20

Toward

Question 21

Motor/Descending Tracts conduct APs _______ the brain.

Answer 21

Away

Question 22

What are the 3 regions of the brain stem?

Answer 22

• Mid Brain
• Pons
• Medulla Oblongata

Question 23

The Midbrain of the brain stem, is the centre for?

Answer 23

Tracking visual activities and hearing

Question 24

The Pons centre of the brain stem controls?

Answer 24

Breathing

Question 25

The Medulla Oblongata of the brain stem, is the centre control for?

Answer 25

Heart rate Blood pressure Swallowing Vomiting

Question 26

What are Substantia Nigra?

Answer 26

A nuclei that make dopamine

Question 27

What is Reticular Formation?

Answer 27

A net-like formation of neural tissue extending through brainstem, containing the Reticular Activating System (RAS)

Question 28

What is the function of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?

Answer 28

Consciousness and prevents sensory overload

Question 29

The function of the Cerebellum is?

Answer 29

Coordinates skeletal muscle contraction, posture and balance

Question 30

What are the 3 structures of the Diencephalon?

Answer 30

- Hypothalamus - Thalamus - Epithalamus

Question 31

Hypothalamus has a major role in...?

Answer 31

Regulating hemostatsis

Question 32

The Thalamus functions as?

Answer 32

The relay station for sensory input to the cerebral cortex

Question 33

What does the Epithalamus contain and its function?

Answer 33

Contains the Pineal Gland and involved in smelling

Question 34

The 4 structures of the brain are?

Answer 34

- Brain Stem - Cerebellum - Diencephalon - Cerebrum

Question 35

The Cerebrum are 2 hemispheres that consist of?

Answer 35

- The Cerebral Cortex - White Matter - Basal Ganglia

Question 36

What are Sensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex involved in?

Answer 36

Perception

Question 37

What are Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex involved in?

Answer 37

Voluntary movements

Question 38

What functions does the Association Areas (White Matter) of the Cerebrum control?

Answer 38

Memory Emotion Personality Traits

Question 39

The Basal Ganglia (Basal Nuclei) of the Cerebrum functions to?

Answer 39

Regulate movements/subconscious contractions

Question 40

What are the 3 structures included in the Limbic System?

Answer 40

- Hypothalamus - Hippocampus - Amygdala

Question 41

What is the function of the Hippocampus of the Limbic System?

Answer 41

Converts short term memory into long term memory

Question 42

What is the function of Amygdala of the Limbic System?

Answer 42

Emotional function

Question 43

What is Meninges?

Answer 43

3 layers of CT the encircle the brain and spinal cord

Question 44

The tough outer layer of the Meninges is known as?

Answer 44

Dura Mater

Question 45

The middle layer of the Meninges is the?

Answer 45

Arachnoid Membrane

Question 46

The inner layer, under the Arachnoid Membrane of the Meninges is the?

Answer 46

Pia Mater

Question 47

Define the Epidural Space.

Answer 47

A adipose and CT space between the vertebral canal and dura mater (not found in brain)

Question 48

Define the Subdural Space.

Answer 48

Interstitial fluid space between Dura Mater and Arachnoid Membrane

Question 49

Define the Subarachnoid Space.

Answer 49

CSF space between Arachnoid Membrane and Pia Mater