LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 1

Name the 3 Lymphatic organs.

Answer 1

• Red Marrow
• Thymus
• Spleen

Question 2

What is the function of Red Marrow in the Lymphatic System?

Answer 2

Produces B Cells and immature T Cells (Pre-T Cells)

Question 3

What is the function of the Thymus in the Lymphatic System?

Answer 3

Produces mature T Cells from Pre-T Cells

Question 4

Which structure contains a large mass of lymph tissue?

Answer 4

Spleen

Question 5

What is the function of the Spleen?

Answer 5

• Removes ruptured RBCs

- Stores platelets and monocytes

Question 6

Describe the mechanism of Lymphatic Capillaries.

Answer 6

In between spaces of cells, absorbing interstitial fluid in but not out

Question 7

Describe the mechanism of Lymphatic Vessels

Answer 7

Merged from capillaries - one-way valves passing through Lymph Nodes

Question 8

Describe the mechanism of Lymph Nodes.

Answer 8

Clusters of lymphocytes in a dense CT capsule alone the lymphatic vessels as a lymph filtration

Question 9

Describe the Lymphatic Trunks.

Answer 9

Merged from Lymphatic Vessels

Question 10

What are the 2 types of Lymphatic Ducts?

Answer 10

• Thoracic Duct

- Right Lymphatic Duct

Question 11

Explain the Thoracic Duct.

Answer 11

Drains:

• Left head/neck/chest
• entire body below Ribs

Into: (L) Subclavian Vein

Question 12

Explain the Right Lymphatic Duct.

Answer 12

Drains:
- Right head/neck/chest

Into (R) Subclavian Vein

Question 13

What is the sequence of Lymphatic Flow

Answer 13

Blood Capillaries
Interstitial Space/Fluid
Lymph Capillaries
L. Vessels
L. Ducts
Subclavian Veins

Question 14

What maintains Lymphatic Flow?

Answer 14

• Skeletal muscle pump
• Breathing/Respiratory Pump
• Smooth muscle contractions

Question 15

Describe the Non-Specific Defence Mechanism.

Answer 15

• Doesn’t recognize invaders (no memory)

- Rapid response

Question 16

Explain the defence of Skin. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 16

Sheds keratinized cells (1st Line Defence)

Question 17

Explain the defence of Tears. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 17

Washes eyes

Question 18

Explain the defence of Saliva. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 18

Washes teeth and mucous membrane

Question 19

Explain the defence of Urine. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 19

Reduces microbial growth

Question 20

Explain the defence of Gastric Juice. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 20

Stomach destroys bacteria

Question 21

Explain the defence of Defecation and Vomiting. (1st Line Defence)

Answer 21

Removes microbes

Question 22

Function of Antimicrobial Proteins. (2nd Line Defence)

Answer 22

Discourage microbial growth

Question 23

Function of Natural Killer Cells. (2nd Line Defence)

Answer 23

Recognizes/kills microbes

Question 24

Function of Phagocytes. (2nd Line Defence)

Answer 24

Eats microbes

Question 25

Function of Inflammation. (2nd Line Defence)

Answer 25

- Response to tissue damage | - Remove/Prevent/Prepare

Question 26

Function of Fever. (2nd Line Defence)

Answer 26

Intensifies antimicrobial activity

Question 27

What is the Specific Defences also known as?

Answer 27

Immunity

Question 28

Define Antigen.

Answer 28

Substance recognized as foreign and evokes an immune response

Question 29

Name the 2 types of Antigens.

Answer 29

- Cell-Mediated | - Antibody-Mediated

Question 30

Explain Cell-Mediated Immune Responses.

Answer 30

Effective against Fungi / Parasites / Viruses / Cancer cells / Foreign Tissue. T-Cells activate/enlarge/proliferate/differentiate

Question 31

What is the function of Helper T Cells?

Answer 31

Trigger Proliferation

Question 32

What is the function of Cytotoxic T Cells?

Answer 32

Migrate and destroy invader

Question 33

What is the function of Memory T Cells?

Answer 33

Stays at site and attack future infections stronger

Question 34

Explain Antibody-Mediated Immune Response

Answer 34

Effective against Body Fluids / Extracellular Pathogens B-Cells activate/enlarge/differentiate

Question 35

What is the function of Plasma Cells in an immune response?

Answer 35

Secrete Antibodies

Question 36

What is the function of Memory B Cells?

Answer 36

Stays at site and attack future infections stronger

Question 37

Describe Antibodies/Immunoglobulins.

Answer 37

Produced by plasma cells to neutralize, inhibit, or destroy antigen

Question 38

Describe IgG.

Answer 38

Found in blood/lymph/intestines | Crosses placenta to newborn

Question 39

Describe IgA.

Answer 39

Found in sweat/tears/saliva/mucous/breast milk/GI | Decreases during stress

Question 40

Describe IgM.

Answer 40

Found in blood/lymph | Blood transfusion reaction

Question 41

Describe IgE.

Answer 41

Found in blood | Involved in allergic/hypersensitive reactions/against parasitic worms

Question 42

Describe IgD.

Answer 42

Found in blood | Activates B Cells