Bio I Evolution 4.1-4.2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Fitness is…
The ability to survive and reproduce in specific environment
What is struggle for existence?
Members of species compete against each other for resources
What is a cladogram
Branching diagram which shows relationship between species
What are the 4 sources of evidence for evolution?
- Fossil record
- Geographic distribution of organisms
- Comparative anatomy
- Biochemistry
Why can’t fossil records be fully reliable?
Don’t have fossils for everything
What does fossil record show?
How earth has changed over time
What is the study of an organism before birth?
Embryology
Homologous structures have…
Same structure, different function
Analogous structures have…
Different structure, same functions
An insect wing and a bird wing are…
Analogous structures
A bat wing and a human arm are…
Homologous structures
What are vestigial structures?
Structures that serve no useful function
How do vestigial structures provide evolution evidence?
They were once used in a common ancester
What is biochemistry?
Comparing proteins in different organisms
What is comparing proteins in different organisms?
Biochemistry
Organization of classification in taxonomy…
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
What is a gene pool?
All genes present in a population
What are the three main sources of variation?
Mutations, genetic recombination in sexual reproduction, and lateral gene transfer in asexual reproduction
What is the original source of genetic variation?
Mutations
Why does genetic recombination occur?
Crossing over during meiosis
Random fertilization
Two parents
What three things affect genetic variation?
- Genetic drift
- Gene flow
- Natural selection
Bottle neck effect
Natural disaster changes population gene pool
Founder effect
New population established results in loss of genetic variation
What is gene flow?
Migration of individuals between populations
