Bio107-ch1lab1 Flashcards by Rachel Barthel

Anatomy

study of body structure

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Gross Anatomy

study of structure visible to the naked eye (cadavers)

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Microanatomy

study of structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye (need MICROscope)

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Microanatomy-Cystology

study of cells

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Microanatomy-Histology

study of tissues

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Developmental Anatomy

study of changes in the body over time

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Comparative Anatomy

comparing the structures of 2 animals

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Physiology

study of body function

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Organismal Physiology

study of MANY functions in ONE group of organisms

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General Physiology

study of ONE function in MANY different groups of organisms

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Closed circulatory system means

blood pumps through veins, arteries, etc. continuously and on the inside (unless cut open)

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Homeostasis

the body’s mechanisms used to keep the body stable (wave shape)

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Negative feedback mechanisms

takes what’s wrong and tries to reverse it

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Neg. fdbk mech. examples (4)

Sweating- to cool body down 2. Vasodilation- blood vessels expand 3. Shivering- to warm body up 4. Vasoconstriction- blood vessels get smaller

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Positive feedback mechanisms

speeds up a bad thing to get it over with quicker

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Pos. fdbk mech example

birthing contractions- they get worse the closer it is to the baby coming out

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forward

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Posterior

backward

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Ventral

front

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Dorsal

back (dorsal fin)

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Superior

up, above, toward the head

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Inferior

down, below, towards the feet

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Medial

moving towards the center

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Lateral

moving away from the center

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Proximal

closer

Distal

farther

Frontal plane

equal FRONT and back half (vertical line)

Sagittal plane

equal right and left half (vertical line)

Transverse plane

equal halves from waist up or down (horizontal line)

Dorsal (back) body cavity contains (2)

1. Cranial cavity 2. Vertebral cavity

Cranial cavity contains

brain

Vertebral cavity contains

spinal cord

Ventral (front) cavity contains (3 cavities)

1. Thoracic cavity 2. Abdominal cavity 3. Pelvic cavity

Thoracic cavity contains (2 organs)

heart and lungs

Abdominal cavity contains (4 organs)

digestive viscera, stomach, intestines, liver

Pelvic cavity contains (3 organs)

bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Diaphragm is located between

the thoracic and abdominal cavities

The thoracic cavity is made up of (3 other cavities)

1. Superior (UPper one) mediastinum 2. Pericardial cavity 3. Two pleural cavities (look like lungs) on the side of above

Levels of organization in the body (order)

1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Organelle 4. Tissue 5. Organ 6. Organ System 7. Organism (human)

SURFACE ANATOMY: Abdominal

body/trunk below ribs

Acromial

point of the shoulder

Axillary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Buccal

cheek

Carpal

wrist

Cephalic

head

Cervical

neck

Coxal

hip

Femoral

thigh

Fibular (peroneal)

side (OUTSIDE) of leg

Frontal

forehead

Inguinal

groin

Mammary

breast region

Mental

chin

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Orbital

eye

Patellar

knee (cap, front)

Pedal

foot

Pelvic

pelvis

Pubic

genital region

Sternal

sternum, in between breasts

Tarsal

ankle

Thoracic

chest

Umbilical

naval (umbilical cord)

Calcaneal

heel of foot

Dorsum

back

Gluteal

butt

Lumbar

lower back

Occipital

indentation in back of skull

Otic

ear

Plantar

sole of foot

Popliteal

back of knee

Sacral

region between hips

Scapular

shoulder blade area, scapula

Vertebral

area of spinal column

Organs in the ventral cavity are covered in

serous or serous membrane- allows organs to slide over each other with ease

Parietal serosa

covers the organ EXTERNALLY

Visceral serosa

covers the organ INTERNALLY

Peritonium

serosa lining the abdominal cavity

Pleura

serosa lining the lungs

Pericardium

serosa lining the heart

Quadrants (4)

Right upper, right lower / Left upper, left lower

Regions (9) in order on tic-tac-toe shape

R Hypochondriac / Epigastric / L Hypochondriac R Lumbar / Umbilical / L Lumbar R Iliac (inguinal) / Hypogastric (pubic) / L Iliac

R Hypochondriac region contains (2 organs)

liver and gallbladder

Epigastric contains (organ)

stomach

L Hypochondriac contains (2 organs)

diaphragm and spleen

R Lumbar contains (organ)

ascending (going up) colon of large intestine

Umbilical contains (organ)

small intestine

L Lumbar contains (organ)

descending (going down) colon of large intestine

R Iliac (inguinal) contains (2 organs)

cecum and appendix

Hypogastric (pubic) contains (organ)

bladder

L Iliac (inguinal) contains (organ)

initial part of sigmoid colon

Synovial cavities

joint cavities- surrounds movable joints throughout body

Other body cavities (common) (4)

Orbital/eye, Nasal/nose, Oral/mouth, Middle ear

Bio107-ch1lab1 Flashcards

(95 cards)