Bio107-ch6&7pt1

Question 1

Axial skeleton (4 structures)

Answer 1

“axis” of body

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Question 2

Appendicular skeleton (3 kinds)

Answer 2

appendages

1. Limb girdles
2. Long bones
3. Manus & Pes

Question 3

Limb girdles (3 kinds)

Answer 3

connect long bones to axial

1. Scapula & Clavicle
2. Pelvis

Question 4

Long bones (2 kinds)

Answer 4

1. Upper- humerus, ulna, radius

2. Lower- femur, tibia, fibula

Question 5

Manus

Answer 5

hand

Question 6

Pes

Answer 6

foot

Question 7

Classification of bones by shapes (4)

Answer 7

1. Long bone- humerus
2. Irregular bone- vertebra
3. Flat bone- sternum
4. Short bone- talus

Question 8

Projection sites of MUSCLE & LIGAMENT attachment:

Tuberosity

Answer 8

large rounded projection

may be roughened

Question 9

Trochantar

Answer 9

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (femur)

Question 10

Line

Answer 10

narrow ridge of bone

less prominent than crest

Question 11

Tubercle

Answer 11

small rounded projection or process

Question 12

Epicondyle

Answer 12

raised area on or above condyle

Question 13

Projections that help to form JOINTS:

Head

Answer 13

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 14

Condyle

Answer 14

rounded articular PROJECTION

Question 15

Foramen

Answer 15

round or oval OPENing through a bone

Question 16

Meatus

Answer 16

canal-like passageway

Question 17

Fosa

Answer 17

shallow, basin-like DEPRESSION in bone

Question 18

Functions of the Skeleton (5)

Answer 18

1. Support for soft tissues
2. Muscle attachment
3. Protection from mechanical injury
4. Calcium storage
5. Hemopoiesis in red bone marrow (blood cell formation)

Question 19

How to bones form? (2)

Answer 19

1. Endochondral Bone Formation

2. Intramembranous Bone Formation

Question 20

Endochondral Bone Formation

Answer 20

HYALINE cartilage is gradually replaced by BONE tissue

Question 21

Intramembranous Bone Formation

Answer 21

BONE is deposited directly into sheets of dense fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE

NO CARTILAGE INVOLVED

Question 22

BOTH forms of bone formation form (2)

Answer 22

compact & spongy bone

Question 23

IntramemBF (3 kinds)

Answer 23

1. Dermal bone formation
2. Sesamoid bone formation
3. Appositional bone formation

Question 24

IMBF- Appositional Bone Formation

Answer 24

within REGULAR dense connective tissue of PERIOSTEUM

long bones grow in WIDTH

Question 25

Hyaline cartilage is removed by

Answer 25

chrondroCLASTS

Question 26

Bone is deposited by

Answer 26

osteoBLASTS

Question 27

Bone is removed by

Answer 27

osteoCLASTS

Question 28

Rickets

Answer 28

soft decalcified bones in children caused by a lack of Ca and VitD

Question 29

Adult form of Rickets

Answer 29

osteomalacia

Question 30

Bone & Calcium Metabolism process

Answer 30

1. Ca in food enters digestive tract 2. Ca is absorbed into bloodstream with assistance of VitD Ca (in gut) ---VitD3---> Ca (in blood)

Question 31

Vitamin D3 in kidney formula

Answer 31

1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D ---Sunlight---> Vitamin D3

Question 32

When no new Ca is added to the body, osteoclasts ____ Ca from the bones until they become _____.

Answer 32

remove | decalcified

Question 33

Calcium metabolism is regulated by 2 hormones

Answer 33

1. Calcitonin | 2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Question 34

Calcitonin

Answer 34

secreted by thyroid gland stimulates osteoBLASTS to deposit Ca in bones

Question 35

PTH

Answer 35

secreted by parathyroid gland stimulates osteoCLASTS to remove Ca from bones

Question 36

Types of bone fractures (6)

Answer 36

1. Transverse 2. Oblique 3. Spiral 4. Angulated 5. Displaced 6. Angulated & displaced

Question 37

Steps in healing a broken bone (4)

Answer 37

1. A hematoma forms 2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms 3. Bony callus forms 4. Bone remodeling occurs

Question 38

Fractures that affect the epiphyseal plate cartilage (growth plate) are

Answer 38

considered more serious than adult breaks

Question 39

Osteoporosis

Answer 39

disease of bone when Ca is removed quicker than it is depositied Osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts

Question 40

Lamellae (in bone)

Answer 40

Ring within a ring

Question 40

Lacunae

Answer 40

Houses lamellae and bone cells

Question 40

Canaliculus

Answer 40

Canals from one lamellae to another

Question 40

Epiphysis

Answer 40

ENDS of bones Spongy bone-red bone marrow (hemopoiesis)

Question 40

Diaphysis

Answer 40

Shaft of a bone Compact bone, sold with hollow cavity down the middle Yellow bone marrow (fat)

Question 40

Epiphyseal line

Answer 40

Birth - puberty: called epiphyseal PLATE, stays cartilage, GROWTH PLATE After puberty: called epiphyseal LINE, stays as compact bone, no more growth

Question 40

Osteocytes

Answer 40

Mature bone cells

Question 40

Chondro-

Answer 40

Cartilage

Question 40

How many bones are in the skeleton?

Answer 40

206

Question 40

Trabeculae

Answer 40

Soft bone

Question 40

Endochondral bone formation process

Answer 40

Page 3 of pt 1 notes

Question 41

Weight bearing activity activates

Answer 41

Osteoblasts