Bio107-ch3lab4

Question 1

Cell/plasma membrane

Answer 1

surrounds cell, regulates what goes in and out of it

Question 2

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 2

protects the cell, part of the cell membrane

Question 3

Phospholipid bilayer (2 parts)

Answer 3

1. Head 2. Tails

Question 4

Heads are

Answer 4

hydrophilic and on the outside

Question 5

Tails are

Answer 5

hydrophobic and on the inside

Question 6

Hydrophilic

Answer 6

likes water

Question 7

Hyrdophobic

Answer 7

does NOT like water

Question 8

Cholesterol adds ___ to the cell membrane

Answer 8

structure

Question 9

Glycoprotein

Answer 9

helps the body recognize itself and organs (blood type, organ transplant- meds to trick the glycoprotein)

Question 10

Functions of cell membrane (2 main)

Answer 10

1. Transport 2. Enzymatic

Question 11

Transport

Answer 11

read in book

Question 12

Enzymatic

Answer 12

read in book

Question 13

PASSIVE Membrane Transport (2)

Answer 13

going with the gradient

“go with the flow”

Question 14

Passive membrane transport (3 main types)

Answer 14

1. Simple diffusion 2. Facilitate diffusion 3. Osmosis

Question 15

Simple diffusion- PASSIVE (3)

Answer 15

1. no ATP req. 2. movement of O2 through cell membrane 3. perfume disperses after time & isn’t as strong

Question 16

Facilitated diffusion- PASSIVE (3)

Answer 16

1. no ATP req. 2. movement of GLUCOSE into cells 3. BIGger particles cannot go through normal channels in the cell membrane so they make NEW channels

Question 17

Osmosis- PASSIVE

Answer 17

1. no ATP req. 2. movement of WATER in and out of cells

Question 18

Osmosis moves from- PASSIVE

Answer 18

high concentration to low concentration

Question 19

Osmosis terms- PASSIVE (3)

Answer 19

1. Isotonic 2. Hypotonic 3. Hypertonic

Question 20

Isotonic

Answer 20

or equilibrium- same solute on both sides

Question 21

Hypotonic

Answer 21

GREATER solute concentration

cell will SHRINK, water ENTERS cell

Question 22

Hypertonic

Answer 22

LESS solute concentration

cell will SWELL/BURST, water LEAVES cell

Question 23

ACTIVE Membrane Transport (3)

Answer 23

1. REQUIRES ATP 2. Low concentration to high concentration 3. Going AGAINST the gradient/ swimming upstream

Question 24

ACTIVE membrane transport (3 main)

Answer 24

1. Exocytosis 2. Endocytosis 3. Phagocytosis

Question 25

Exocytosis

Answer 25

moves/allows a substance to LEAVE the cell

Question 26

Endocytosis

Answer 26

enables LARGE particles to ENTER the cell

Question 27

Phagocytosis

Answer 27

they engulf BIGger things and moves them INTO the cell

Question 28

CELL STRUCTURE

Answer 28

you got this girllllll ;)

Question 29

Cytoplasm

Answer 29

the contents OUTSIDE the nucleus

Question 30

Cytoplasm includes (2)

Answer 30

1. Organelles- little organs 2. Cytosol- fluid

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

power house of cell, ENERGY

Question 32

Glycolysis formula

Answer 32

Glucose + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + energy

Question 33

ATP =

Answer 33

ENERGY

Question 34

Cristae- in MITOCHONDRIA

Answer 34

where most ATP is produced ETC

Question 35

ATP (3 parts)

Answer 35

1. Glycosis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain

Question 36

Glycosis- ATP

Answer 36

yields little ATP

Question 37

Krebs cycle- ATP

Answer 37

yields a little more ATP than glycosis

Question 38

Electron transport chain (ETC)- ATP

Answer 38

where we get a majority of our ATP Cristae

Question 39

ATP requires

Answer 39

OXYGEN in order for work

Question 40

ATP full name

Answer 40

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 41

ATP formula

Answer 41

ADP + P= ATP

Question 42

Endoplasmic reticulum (2 types)

Answer 42

1. Rough/Granular ER- has RIBOSOMES on it 2. Smooth/Agranular ER

Question 43

Ribosomes

Answer 43

site of protein synthesis

Question 44

Rough ER

Answer 44

makes the proteins that are imbedded into the plasma/cell membrane

Question 45

Smooth ER

Answer 45

1. In liver- lipid and cholesterol metabolism and detoxifies drugs 2. In testes- synthesis of steroid-based hormones

Question 46

Golgi apparatus (3)

Answer 46

1. "UPS center" 2. Modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins 3. SENDS proteins in secretory vesicles

Question 47

Lysosomes (2)

Answer 47

1. "Lysol" 2. Breaks down bacteria/viruses/toxins 2. Found in WBC, immune cells, and melanocytes

Question 48

Peroxisomes

Answer 48

Neutralizes dangerous free radicals (to prevent cell mutation)

Question 49

Cytoskeleton

Answer 49

"Skeleton" of cell, have filaments for cell structure & rigidity

Question 50

Centrioles

Answer 50

involved in cell division

Question 51

Cilia

Answer 51

"finger like hairs" | helps substances move through the cells

Question 52

Nucleus

Answer 52

powerhouse of cell, contains genetic material

Question 53

Chromatin

Answer 53

loose genetic material in nucleus (before division)

Question 54

Chromosomes

Answer 54

when dividing, chromatin becomes dark rods or chromosomes

Question 55

Nucleoli

Answer 55

small round bodies inside nucleus

Question 56

Nuclear envelope

Answer 56

protects nucleus, has NUCLEAR PORES

Question 57

Nuclear pores

Answer 57

regulate what passes through and goes out of the nuclear envelope

Question 58

CELL DIVISION

Answer 58

lab 4 and part of lecture chapter 3

Question 59

Interphase

Answer 59

long period where cells grow before dividing clumps of dark in middle with nucleus

Question 60

Prophase

Answer 60

chromatin condenses forming chromosomes clumps of dark in the middle

Question 61

Metaphase

Answer 61

chromosomes cluster in the middle in a line

Question 62

Anaphase

Answer 62

the chromosomes in the middle start to pull apart

Question 63

Telophase

Answer 63

the soon to be new 2 sister cells start to pull away (cleavage)

Question 64

Cytokinesis

Answer 64

2 sister cells are produced (separate from each other)

Question 65

Mitosis

Answer 65

division of copied DNA of the mother cell to 2 daughter cells