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E: BIO 107 > Bio107-ch5lab7 > Flashcards

Bio107-ch5lab7 Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Integument (skin) is the

A

largest organ in the body (by weight)

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2
Q

Functions of the integument system (5)

A
  1. Protection- injury, infection
  2. Thermoregulation- shivering
  3. Receives environmental stimuli- nerves embedded in skin
  4. Excretion- waste removal
  5. Water balance
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3
Q

3 primary LAYERS of integument

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Hypodermis
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4
Q

Epidermis- basic charateristics

A

stratified squamous epithelium

outermost layer, 5 layers within

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5
Q

Dermis- basic characteristics

A

dense IRREGULAR connective tissue

middle layer, hair follicles, nerve endings

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6
Q

Hypodermis- basic characteristics

A

areolar connective tissue with adipose cells

fat

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7
Q

Epidermis is composed of

A

keratinized (waxy) stratified squamous epithelium

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8
Q

Epidermis cell types include (4)

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocytes
  3. Merkel cells
  4. Langerhans’ cells
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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

produce fibrous protein keratin (wax)

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce dark brown pigment melanin

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11
Q

Langerhans’ cells

A

epidermal macrophages help activate the immune system

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12
Q

Merkel cells

A

touch receptors associated with sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

4/5 Layers of the Epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. *Lucidum layer- 5th layer, THICK SKIN ONLY
    2/3. Stratum granulosum
    3/4. Stratum spinosum
    4/5. Stratum basale
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14
Q
  1. Stratum corneum
A

20-30 layers of dead skin, superficial

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15
Q
  1. Lucidum layer
A

5th layer, thick skin only

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16
Q

2/3. Stratum granulosum

A

3-5 layers thick

organelles deteriorating

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17
Q

3/4. Stratum spinosum

A

1-2 layers thick

desmosomes, “spiky shape,” where keratin is made

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18
Q

4/5. Stratum basale

A

deepest layer

stem cells, healthiest layer

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19
Q

Dermis is composed of

A

IRREGULAR dense connective tissue

2 layers- papillary & reticular

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20
Q

Dermis cell types (4)

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Macrophages
  3. Mast cells
  4. WBCs
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21
Q

Hypodermis is composed of

A

areolar & adipose connective tissue

subcutaneous layer

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22
Q

Areolar connective tissue anchors to

Study These Flashcards
A

what is below it (tissue, bone, cavity)

23
Q

5 pigments that contribute to skin color

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Melanin
  2. Carotene
  3. Hemoglobin
  4. Cyan
  5. Jaundice
24
Q

Melanin

Study These Flashcards
A

yellow- red- brown- black (genetic descent)

responsible for dark skin colors, freckles, moles

25
Carotene
orange pigment found in carrots, most obvious in palms and soles of feet
26
Hemoglobin
reddish pigment, pink hues found in RBCs, "color back in your face" after illness
27
Cyan
blue/purple color caused by a lack of O2 to tissues
28
Jaundice
yellow color buildup of bilirubin- liver disease, new borns
29
Exocrine glands
have ducts that secrete products OUTSIDE
30
Goblet cells secrete
mucous (exocrine glands)
31
Endocrine glands
DUCTLESS, secretes products directly INTO the blood stream
32
EXOcrine modes of secretion (3)
1. Merocrine/Eccrine 2. Apocrine 3. Holocrine
33
Merocrine/Eccrine
products are thin (not viscous) diffuse through cell membrane (nervous sweat- palms, forehead)
34
Apocrine
products are slightly viscous exocytosis expels product (armpit & groin sweat glands- puberty, odorous)
35
Holocrine
product very viscous cell membrane ruptures, secretes cerumen (wax)
36
Sebaceous glands secrete
sebum (oil) Ex. oil from hair on scalp
37
Characteristics of hair (3 main)
1. Hair is filamentous strands of dead keratinized cells 2. Has SHAFT projecting from the skin & ROOT embedded in the skin 3. Pigmented by MELANIN from MELANOCYTES at the base of hair
38
Functions of hair (3)
1. Maintain warmth 2. Light touch (air, insects, etc.) 3. Protects scalp from trauma, heat loss, sunlight
39
Hair is found everywhere on the skin except (5)
1. Palms 2. Soles 3. Lips 4. Nipples 5. Portions of external genitalia
40
Vellus
fine body hair found in children "baby hairs"
41
Terminal
coarse, long hairs eyebrows, scalp, armpits, pubic regions
42
First degree burn
1. damages: EPIDERMIS 2. color: pink/redish 3. NO permanent damage 4. heals: 1-7 days 5. cause: mild sunburn, touching hot surface quickly
43
Second degree burn
1. damages: EPIDERMIS & DERMIS 2. color: pink, red- water filled blisters 3. MINOR permanent damage 4. heals: 1-2 weeks min 5. cause: excessive sunburn, touching pot on stove, cigarette burn, fire
44
Third degree burn
1. damages: ALL 3 layers 2. color: pink/red/blisters, charred appearance (black/green) 3. heals: months, may need skin graft Fries your nerves, risk of infection, high risk of death, should go to hospital
45
Rule of Nines
estimates fluid loss in burn patients using percentage of body surface burned
46
Benign- skin cancer
common, not deadly
47
Malignant- skin cancer
dangerous, cancer MELANOMA
48
Metastasis- skin cancer
ability to spread
49
Acne
infection starting in oil glands and spreading to hail follice
50
Furuncle
"boil" infection of dermis & hypodermis
51
Vernix caseosa
milky coating that covers vellus hairs on a fetus after birth
52
Lanugo
layer of very fine vellus hair on fetus that will shed off soon after birth
53
ABCD rule for skin cancer screening
1. Asymmetry- mole thats round throughout 2. Border- smooth, clean edges 3. Color- pale (noncancerous), dark (malignant) 4. Diameter- should be no bigger than pencil eraser

E: BIO 107 (17 decks)

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