Biochemistry- Nutritional Chemistry

Question 1

Vitamin B1 is known as what?

Answer 1

Thiamin

Question 2

Vitamin B2 is known as what?

Answer 2

Riboflavin

Question 3

Vitamin B3 is known as what?

Answer 3

Niacin/ nicotinic acid

Question 4

Vitamin B5 is known as what?

Answer 4

Pantothenic acid

Question 5

Vitamin B6 is known as what?

Answer 5

Pyridoxine

Question 6

Vitamin B12 is known as what?

Answer 6

Cobalamin

Question 7

What is the active form of B1/thiamin called?

Answer 7

Thiamin pyrophosphate

Question 8

Vitamin B1 requires what mineral?

Answer 8

magnesium

Question 9

Transketolase in the hexose shunt requires what vitamin?

Answer 9

Thiamin/ B1

Question 10

Oxidative carboxylation in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex needs what vitamin?

Answer 10

B1/ thiamin

Question 11

Where is B1 absorbed?

Answer 11

jejunum

Question 12

FAD and FMN are active constituents of what vitamin?

Answer 12

B2- Riboflavin

Question 13

Where is riboflavin absorbed?

Answer 13

Duodenum/Jejunum

Question 14

What vitamins are used in oxidation-reduction reactions/ electron transfer reactions (dehydrogenase enzymes)

Answer 14

B3 and B2 (niacin and riboflavin)

Question 15

What form of niacin is used in synthesis pathways?

Answer 15

NADPH

Question 16

NAD and NADH are the oxidized and reduced forms of what vitamin?

Answer 16

B3/Niacin

Question 17

What amino acid can form niacin?

Answer 17

Tryptophan

Question 18

What is the active form of pantothenic acid/B5?

Answer 18

Coenzyme A

Question 19

Where is B5/Pantothenic acid absorbed?

Answer 19

Intestinal mucosa/ brush border

Question 20

Which vitamin is essential for reactions using CoA?

Answer 20

B5

Question 21

Pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of what vitamin?

Answer 21

B6/ pyridoxine

Question 22

What mineral is needed to activate B6?

Answer 22

magnesium

Question 23

What vitamin plays a role in transamination reactions?

Answer 23

B6

Question 24

Which vitamin is essential for nucleotide synthesis and for single carbon transfers?

Answer 24

Folic Acid

Question 25

What vitamin serves as CO2 carrier in carboxylation reactions?

Answer 25

Biotin

Question 26

What vitamin is needed as a cofactor to activate folic acid?

Answer 26

Cobalamin/ B12

Question 27

What is the first active form of B12?

Answer 27

Methylcobolamine

Question 28

List some of the biochemical activities of Vitamin C

Answer 28

reducing agent cofactor for hydroxylation reactions eg. proline, dopamine and NE/Epi synthesis carnitine synthesis, Enhances Iron mobilization, Bile acid formation influence on cholesterol metabolism

Question 29

What is the active form of Vitamin A in the blood?

Answer 29

Retinol

Question 30

What i the active form of Vitamin A in the eyes?

Answer 30

Retinal

Question 31

What is the active form of Vitamin A in epithelial cells?

Answer 31

Retinoic acid

Question 32

Beta carotene is a precursor to what vitamin?

Answer 32

Vitamin A

Question 33

What is the storage form of Vitamin A in the liver?

Answer 33

Retinyl palmitate

Question 34

Where is vitamin A absorbed?

Answer 34

Lumen of SI

Question 35

Which of the active forms of Vitamin D increases serum calcium?

Answer 35

1, 25 di(OH)D

Question 36

Which of the active forms of Vitamin D lowers serum calcium?

Answer 36

24, 25 di(OH)D

Question 37

Where are the inactive metabolites of vitamin D converted into an active form?

Answer 37

kidney

Question 38

Which hormone plays a role in activating Vitamin D?

Answer 38

PTH

Question 39

Where is Vitamin E stored?

Answer 39

adipose tissue (fat soluble)

Question 40

What converts 7-hydroxycholesterol into cholecalciferol?

Answer 40

sunlight on the skin

Question 41

What vitamin is required for the biosynthesis of clotting factors?

Answer 41

Vitamin K

Question 42

Which vitamin is a cofactor in post synthetic modification of proteins via carboxylation reaction, which allows for the chelation of Calcium?

Answer 42

Vitamin K

Question 43

What is the active form of Vitamin K?

Answer 43

Hydroxyquinone

Question 44

Which mineral is important for energy producing reactions?

Answer 44

Phosphorous

Question 45

The production of osteocalcin is dependent on what vitamin?

Answer 45

Vitamin K

Question 46

What mineral is important for clotting?

Answer 46

Calcium

Question 47

This mineral, once it is attached to a substance, traps it inside a cell

Answer 47

Phosphorous

Question 48

All the reactions using ATP use this mineral as a cofactor

Answer 48

Magnesium

Question 49

This mineral is a constituent of DNA and RNA

Answer 49

Phosphorous

Question 50

The mineral activates a number of B Vitamins

Answer 50

magnesium

Question 51

Which mineral is the most abundant intracellularly?

Answer 51

Potassium

Question 52

What mineral is in cytochromes?

Answer 52

Iron

Question 53

Which mineral is an insulin co-factor?

Answer 53

Chromium

Question 54

Which mineral is a part of glutathione peroxidase?

Answer 54

selenium

Question 55

Which mineral is a part of Vitamin B12?

Answer 55

cobalt

Question 56

Which mineral is needed for cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 56

Manganese

Question 57

What is in blood transport of iron?

Answer 57

Transferrin

Question 58

What is the main storage of iron?

Answer 58

Ferritin

Question 59

What stores excess iron?

Answer 59

Hemosiderin

Question 60

What substance is protective in that it keeps iron away from bacteria?

Answer 60

Lactoferrin