Biogenetics

Question 1

Biogenetics

Answer 1

• study of heredity
• Mendel > first geneticist > Peas

Question 2

Pea research

Answer 2

• one version from each trait from each parent (allele)
• dominant vs recessive
• dominant trait expressed as phenotype
• recessive are expressed in absence of dominant trait

Question 3

Mendelon inheritance

Answer 3

two elements of heredity for each trait and they segregate during reproduction
- allele of each gene
- segregation - dominant or recessive
- independence - varieties of each trait sort independently

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

found in nucleus of every cell of an organism
two chains of nucleotides, that coil = double helix
ADGC

• in cells nucleus, long strands of DNA = chromatids
• mitosis = condensation
• 46 chromosomes, XX = female, XY = male = genome
• phenotype traits programmed by single or combination of genes

Question 5

Human genome project

Answer 5

medicine, treatments, improve quality of life

Question 6

sex chromosome disorders

Answer 6

X linked conditions
some recessive, more prevalent in males, dont have dominant allele on shorter Y chromosome
- colour-blindness - X linkage
- Turners syndrome - X partially missing, female
- Klinefelter syndrome - males, XY
- Fragile X syndrome - repeat on gene for FMRI protein

Question 7

sporadic mutations

Answer 7

error in cell division, natural or environment
- Downs syndrome - trisomy of chromosome 21
- Williams syndrome - microdeletion of chromosome 7

Question 8

polygenic traits

Answer 8

reply on coding from multiple genes (Pleotropic)
- Schizophrenia - genetically predisposed

Question 9

genomic studies

Answer 9

inspect genome of specific groups
- allele commonalities

Question 10

targeted mutations

Answer 10

inserted into chromosomes
- defective and fail to knockout specific functional protein
- new of different proteins

Question 11

genetic engineering

Answer 11

CRISPR: edit own genome
- HIV and cancer