Neuroanatomy Flashcards
(18 cards)
anatomical directions
up - dorsal/ superior
right - caudal/ posterior
down - ventral/ inferior
left - rostral/ anterior
grey and white matter
grey - cell bodies and dendrites
white - myelinated axon
corpus callosum
‘hard body’
largest fibre bundle that connects the two hemispheres
protection of the nervous system
meninges - 3 layers of tissue
cerebrospinal fluid - clear liquid fills subarachnoid space: space filler and buoyancy
ventricular system
- hollow and filled with CSF
- lateral ventricles
- third ventricle
- fourth ventricle
- exchange of materials in blood vessels and brain tissue
blood brain barrier
- semipermeable
- large molecules substances
- maintain stability
- protection from chemicals
cerebral cortex
- outer surface of cerebellum
- 3mm thick
- folded = large surface area
- sulci/ fissures/ gyri
primary areas
- contralateral
- somatosensory
- auditory cortex
- motor cortex connects to muscles
sensory associations areas - receive and analyse information from primary areas
frontal lobe
anterior, rostral to parietal lobe, dorsal to temporal lobe
- divided from parietal lobe by central sulcus
- motor and cognition
parietal lobe
causal to frontal lobe, dorsal to temporal lobe
- somatosensory
occipital lobe
causal to parietal lobe and temporal lobe
- vision
temporal lobe
rostral to occipital lobe, ventral to parietal lobe and frontal lobe
- hearing, vision, cognition and emotion
the brain - encephalon
forebrain > telencephalon > cerebral cortex
forebrain - diencephalon > hypothalamus
basal ganglia
- collection of nuclei
- control of movement
- reward systems
the limbic system
limbic cortex, hippocampus (consolidate memories), amygdala, fornix, mammillary bodies
- emotion
- learning and emotion
diencephalon
thalamus
- 2 lobes separated by massa, intermedia
- info to and from cortex
divided into: lateral geniculate, medial geniculate and ventrolateral geniculate
hypothalamus
- controls autonomic nervous system
- connected to pituitary gland
mesencephalon
tectum
- superior colliculi midbrain
- inferior colliculi
tegmentum
- reticular formation
- periaqueductal grey matter
- red nucleus - limb movement
- substania nigra - initiate movement
rhombencephalon
metencephalon - pons
- sleep
- arousal
- relays info from cortex to cerebellum
cerebellum
- coordination of movement
myelencephalon - medulla oblongata
- regulation of cardiovascular system
- respiration
- skeletal muscle tonus
