Frontal and parietal lobes

Question 1

Parietal lobe
boundaries

Answer 1

• central sulcus
• parieto-occipital fissure
• lateral sulcus
• macro-anatomical
  gyrus
• central sulcus
• postcentral sulcus
• postcentral gyrus
  posterior parietal lobe
• superior
• intraparietal sulcus
• intraparietal lobe
  functional subdivision
• primary somatosensory cortex
• process info about sensations
• 4 subdivisions
• input from thalamus and motor cortex
• output from motor cortex and posterior parietal cortex

Question 2

Penfield’s somatotopic map

Answer 2

• insert electrodes in somatosensory cortex of epilepsy patients before operating
• stimulated different parts and recorded reported sensations
• somatosensory homunculus

Question 3

brain reorganisation after injury

Answer 3

phantom limbs and pain after amputations, reintegration
- functional reorganisation of S1 after 24 hours
- Kolansinki et al, little and ring finger glued

Question 4

intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobe

Answer 4

vision for action > dorsal visual stream
- object relevance
- body relative to objects
- anterior = hand centred
- posterior = vision centred
neurological syndrome bilateral lesion
- baliant syndrome
- optic ataxia
- oculomotor apraxia - fixations
- simultanagnosia - multiple items

Question 5

right inferior parietal lobe

Answer 5

shift attention
- detection and encoding salient objects
- sustain attention
- hemispatial neglect

Question 6

left anterior inferior parietal lobule

Answer 6

• appropriate object use
• understand tool use
• apraxia - imitations of gesture impairments

Question 7

left posterior inferior parietal lobule

Answer 7

• detect salient events
• semantic processing
• bottom up attention to internal stimuli
• animal models does work

Question 8

frontal lobe
boundaries

Answer 8

• cingulate sulcus
• cingulate gyrus
  3 subdivisions:
• primary motor cortex
• premotor cortex
• prefrontal cortex

Question 9

cytoarchitectonics

Answer 9

• primary - Broadman area 4
• premotor - BA6
• transition - BA44
• prefrontal - BA 8,9,10,11,45,46,47

motor cortex - control of skeletal muscles, somatopically organised
premotor - movement planning, selection, sequencing, inhibitory control of motor

Question 10

neuropsychology - traditional approach

Answer 10

• verbal fluency (Milner)
• Wisconsin card sorting
  preservation ‘no longer correct’
• stroop task
• tower of london
  BUT…
• poor sensitivity and specificity
• which function is impaired?

Question 11

evaluation of LPFC

Answer 11

• adaptivity restricted
• hierarchical organisation
• relationships to results unclear
• computational models with experimental evidence needed

Question 12

neuropsychology of recent approaches

Answer 12

Stuss and Alexander
- basic approach - manipulate difficulty and context
- lesions - symptom mapping
later PFC - exectutive function
left = task setting
right = monitoring
dorsomedial PFC - energisation initiate, sustain response
polar PFC - metacognition

Question 13

evaluation of recent approaches

Answer 13

• refined modern MRI
• exact process unclear
• small sample
• lesions restricted grey or white