Cognitive neuropsychology Flashcards
(8 cards)
study of relationship between brain regions and behaviour
linked to damaged brains
- missile wounds
- tumours
- impact
- trauma
aim to assign specific psychological functions to brain structures
assumptions:
brain function is localised, many functions rely on distributed brain systems
language and memory
history
Gall
annoyed by good memory but poor original thinking > protruding eyes
- developed localisation of function = different parts of the brain responsible for variations in individual differences
- bumps in areas of the skull
- depressions indicate underdevelopment
- phrenology
rise and fall of phrenology
- assessments subjective
- outside skull doesn’t mirror inside
- cranioscopy - personality assessment
recovery
lesioned parts of animals cortex
first > moved little, refused to eat and drink
later > recovery of function
pattern of loss inconsistent with localisation
BUT… lesion to the brain stem = breathing problems
cerebellum - loss of locomotor coordination
mapping the brain
- Brodman area
- appearance of cortex under a microscope - cytoarchitectonic
- label zones based on cell organisation, type, and number of connections
Language - bouilaud
- certain functions localised and lateralised
- damage to the left hemisphere impairs movement on the right
- case: lost speech when pressure applied to the frontal lobe
Broca’s area
“Tan” - lesion to left frontal lobe
anterior speech - Broca’s area
syndrome - Broca’s aphasia - nonfluent spontaneous speech, poor comprehension
Wernicke’s area
model of language processing
1. Wernicke’s area
2. sound images along arcuate fasciculus
3. Broca’s area
conduction aphasia - impairment repeating words despite comprehension and fluent speech
Carl Wernicke
- region of cortex that receives info from ear
- fluent but no sense, couldn’t understand what was said to them
- Wernicke’s aphasia
