order
classify organisms
organ system
group of organs that work together to carry out a task
ex. respiratory system
tissues
groups of similar cells
cells
- smallest living units
- made up of organelles
organelles
tiny organ, small enough to fit into cell
ex. nucleus - brain of cell
molecules
made up of atoms
atoms
- smallest part of element
- has chemical properties of that element
entropy
- amount of disorder in a system
- unorganized amount of entropy goes up with age
- ultimate stage of entropy = death
Metabolism
- the sum of ALL chemical reactions going on in body
- breakdown and synthesis of molecules
- making energy available, building needed parts
ex. breaking down breakfast
Responsiveness
how organisms react to their environment
ex: mouse running from eagle
Motility
ability to move
ex:crawl, fly, swim, slither
Reproduction
production of offspring
Asexual
- single parent,
- genetically identical offspring
Sexual
- 2 parents
- unique offspring
Development
progressive changes resulting increased size
Heredity
-involves passing of “genes” from parent to offspring
-controls “pcb” traits
physical, chemical, biological
genes are made of DNA but make…
protiens**
Adaptations
- genetic mutations gives advantage
- a change in the gene
Natural Selection
evolutionary mechanism identified by Darwin and Wallace
individuals with “GOOD” variations have…
an advantage in a competitive environment
Nature “SELECTS” the most “FIT” organisms to…
become the parents of the next generation. FIT=sueded
Life formed…
3.8 bill years ago
Earth is how old?
4.5 billion yrs old
When was oxygen first created?
2.5 billion years ago
Was there oxygen when earth was first created?
no
FIRST photosynthesis occurred in…
bacteria….NOT plants
Life started in the sea then moved to…
land
First things moved onto the land were…
plants
First group of ANIMALS to move on land were…
insects
First inverter-bra class
fish (came out of the water)
fish evolved into…
amphibians
amphibians made up…
reptiles
Reptiles then cased
birds and mammals
Ecology
the study of relationships between organisms and their environments
Populations
- groups of certain organisms that live in the same area
- interbreed
ex. fl panther, key deer
Community
Anything living in same area that’s ALIVE
ex, plants, animals, bacteria (anything thats alive)
Ecosystem
community and its nonliving surroundings
ex. rocks, water, air all together **EVERGLADES
Biosphere
ALL ecosystems of earth
Taxonomy
science of classifying organisms into different taxa
Species
- come from same group
- structurally similar
- interbreed
(look alike)
Species have to be able to create…
FERTILE offspring
Genus
includes related and similar species
scientific name =
genus + species*** (underline both words, capitalize first)
ex.
- Quercus virginiana - “Live Oak”***
-Agkistrodon piscivorous - “Water Moccasin”, “Cotton Mouth”
Family - grouping of..
genera
Order - grouping of..
families
Class - grouping of
orders
Phylum (Zoology) or Division (Botany) grouping of…
classes
Kingdom - grouping of
phyla or divisions
Domain - grouping of
kingdoms
Bacteria =
Bacteria
Archaea =
Archaea
Eukarya =
- Protista
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Animalia
Kingdom Animalia
- multicellular
- heterotrophs
- complex organ systems
- eukaryotes
ex. humans, insects, tigers
eukaryotes have…
a true nucleus
Kingdom Plantae
- multicellular
- autotrophs
- complex organ systems
- eukaryotes = true nucleus
ex. trees, wildflowers
Kingdom Fungi
- single AND multi celled
- heterotrophs
- eukaryotes
ex. yeasts, mushrooms
Kingdom Protista
- single AND multi-celled
- eukaryotes
ex. amoebas, algae
Eugle…
plant, moves, eat
Kingdom Bacteria
- single celled
- prokaryotes
ex. E.coli, strep
Kingdom Archaea
- resemble bacteria but are NOT
- single celled
- prokaryotic
- live in harsh, O2 deficient environments
ex. found in sulfur hot springs
Genetic similarities suggest all living things arose from…
single group of ancestral cells present at the dawn of life
Hypothesis**
tentative generalization
Theory**
hypothesis that survives repeated attempts to disprove it
Scientific Method Steps
question hypothesis prediction experiment conclusions
Control group
keep all factors the same except the one in question
genes determine physical…
traits but also SOME behaviors